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Bacterial nitrilases and their regulation.

Varsha P Chhiba-Govindjee1,2, Chris W van der Westhuyzen1, Moira L Bode2

  • 1CSIR Biosciences, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
|May 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Nitrilases are biocatalysts that convert nitriles to carboxylic acids, crucial for green synthesis. A Rhodococcal transcription regulator system enables high intracellular nitrilase accumulation, induced by various nitriles and amides.

Keywords:
BiocatalysisExpressionInducerLactamsNitrilaseNitriles

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology
  • Enzymology
  • Microbial Metabolism

Background:

  • Nitrilases are vital biocatalysts for synthesizing carboxylic acids from nitriles, supporting greener chemical and pharmaceutical production.
  • These enzymes are prevalent in nature, involved in metabolic pathways and responses to environmental nitrile stimuli.
  • Nitrilase genes are often organized in clusters, reflecting their metabolic roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the poorly understood nitrilase induction systems.
  • To highlight the role of Rhodococcal transcription regulators in nitrilase expression.
  • To identify molecules that induce nitrilase accumulation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nitrilase gene clusters and their genomic organization.
  • Studying the Rhodococcal transcription regulator system in Rhodococcus rhodochrous and Streptomyces strains.
  • Identifying and characterizing nitrilase-inducing molecules.

Main Results:

  • A potent Rhodococcal transcription regulator system allows intracellular nitrilase accumulation up to 30-40% of total soluble protein.
  • Nitrilase expression can be induced by a wide array of aliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic nitriles.
  • Certain secondary and tertiary amides also act as inducers, resisting nitrilase degradation.

Conclusions:

  • The Rhodococcal transcription regulator system is a powerful tool for enhancing nitrilase production.
  • Understanding nitrilase induction expands possibilities for biocatalysis in green chemistry.
  • Diverse nitrile and amide compounds effectively induce nitrilase expression, offering flexibility in biotechnological applications.