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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

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Defining, diagnosing, clarifying, and classifying the Chiari I malformations.

Stephen Bordes1,2, Skyler Jenkins1,2, R Shane Tubbs3

  • 1Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.

Child'S Nervous System : Chns : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
|May 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Newer Chiari malformation (CM) classifications, like CM 0 and CM 1.5, extend the CM 1 spectrum. These variations require distinct classification due to differing symptoms and treatments.

Keywords:
ChiariChiari 0Chiari 1.5Neurosurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Traditional Chiari malformation (CM) classification includes four types: I, II, III, and IV.
  • Evolving understanding of hindbrain herniation necessitates updates to traditional CM classifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the presentation, diagnostics, and treatment of emerging hindbrain herniation variants associated with CM type I.
  • To highlight the need for modified classification systems for Chiari malformations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations of newer hindbrain herniation forms.
  • Analysis of diagnostic approaches for CM variants.
  • Evaluation of treatment strategies for CM subtypes.

Main Results:

  • Chiari malformation type 1 (CM 1) represents a spectrum, encompassing patients who may not fit the exact definition.
  • Newer classifications, CM 0 and CM 1.5, show continuity with CM 1 but present distinct clinical features.

Conclusions:

  • Chiari malformations require updated classifications beyond the traditional four types.
  • CM 0 and CM 1.5 represent distinct clinical subtypes of CM 1, necessitating separate classification.
  • Variations in symptoms and treatment efficacy underscore the need for distinct classification of these CM subtypes.