Epicardial and pericardial adipose tissues are associated with reduced diastolic and systolic function in type 2...

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of epicardial (EAT) and pericardial (PAT) adipose tissues with myocardial function in type 2 diabetes (T2D). EAT and PAT were measured by ultrasound in 770 patients with T2D and 234 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic controls. Echocardiography was performed, including tissue Doppler imaging and 2D speckle tracking. Patients with T2D versus controls had increased EAT (4.6 ± 1.8 mm vs. 3.4 ± 1.2 mm, P < 0.0001) and PAT (6.3 ± 2.8 mm vs. 5.3 ± 2.4 mm, P < 0.0001). EAT and PAT were associated with structural cardiac measures both in T2D patients and controls (all P < 0.043), but only in T2D patients with functional measures: PAT was associated with impaired global longitudinal strain [beta coefficient (SE)] [0.11% (0.04), P = 0.002], while EAT was associated with reduced diastolic function by lateral early diastolic myocardial velocity (e'_lat ) [-0.31 (0.05) cm/s, P = 0.001], mitral inflow velocities: peak early (E)/peak atrial (A) ratio [-0.02 (0.01), P = 0.001] and lateral E/e'_lat [0.36 (0.10), P < 0.001]. However, no interaction was found between diabetes status and PAT (P = 0.75) or EAT (P = 0.45). Adipose tissue in intimate relation to the myocardium is higher in patients with T2D versus controls and is associated with functional myocardial measures in T2D.