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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Automated Counterflow Centrifugal System for Small-Scale Cell Processing
Published on: December 12, 2019
Superfluid Helium in Three-Dimensional Counterflow Differs Strongly from Classical Flows: Anisotropy on Small Scales
L Biferale1, D Khomenko2, V L'vov3
1Department of Physics and INFN, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy.
Abstract:
Three-dimensional anisotropic turbulence in classical fluids tends towards isotropy and homogeneity with decreasing scales, allowing-eventually-the abstract model of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence to be relevant. We show here that the opposite is true for superfluid ^{4}He turbulence in three-dimensional counterflow channel geometry. This flow becomes less isotropic upon decreasing scales, becoming eventually quasi-two-dimensional. The physical reason for this unusual phenomenon is elucidated and supported by theory and simulations.
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