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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Universal phenomena far from equilibrium display unique scaling behaviors distinct from thermal systems.
  • The fluctuation-dissipation relation is a cornerstone of equilibrium statistical mechanics, linking response functions to equilibrium fluctuations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate nonequilibrium transport processes in ultracold Bose gases within a universal scaling regime.
  • To demonstrate the breaking of the fluctuation-dissipation relation in such systems.
  • To identify macroscopic signatures of this phenomenon.

Main Methods:

  • Simulation of nonequilibrium transport processes in an ultracold Bose gas.
  • Analysis of spectral functions (commutators) and statistical correlations (anticommutators).
  • Identification of scaling exponents and functions for time and space correlations.

Main Results:

  • Nonequilibrium transport leads to the breaking of the fluctuation-dissipation relation.
  • Scaling of spectral functions and statistical correlations become linearly independent with distinct dynamic scaling exponents.
  • A transport peak is observed in the statistical two-point correlator, absent in the spectral function.

Conclusions:

  • Universal scaling far from equilibrium introduces independent exponents, altering fundamental relations.
  • The distinct scaling of correlations and spectral functions provides a signature of broken fluctuation-dissipation.
  • This work offers a new perspective on nonequilibrium dynamics and universal scaling in quantum systems.