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Nanogel-Based Filler-Matrix Interphase for Polymerization Stress Reduction.

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This study developed novel nanogel additives for dental composites, significantly reducing polymerization stress by up to 50%. These nanogels enhance filler-resin interactions, minimizing shrinkage and stress without compromising mechanical properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Dental composite restoratives experience stress during polymerization, potentially leading to restoration failure.
  • The filler-resin interphase is critical for managing stress development in dental composites.
  • Nanogel additives offer potential for creating compliant interphases to mitigate polymerization stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel filler-resin matrix interphase structure using nanogel additives for dental composites.
  • To investigate the effects of chemically attached nanogels on filler surfaces and free nanogel dispersion in the resin matrix.
  • To assess the impact of nanogel modification on polymerization kinetics, stress, shrinkage, and mechanical properties.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized nanogels with varied sizes (5 and 11 nm) and glass transition temperatures (28–65 °C).
  • Modified glass fillers by chemically attaching thiol-functionalized nanogels via thiol-ene reaction.
  • Formulated dental composites with nanogel-modified fillers and/or free nanogel additives in a BisGMA/TEGDMA resin blend.
  • Evaluated polymerization stress, volumetric shrinkage, polymerization kinetics, rheological, and mechanical properties.

Main Results:

  • Nanogel-modified fillers reduced polymerization stress by 20% (2.2 MPa to 1.7–1.4 MPa).
  • Combining nanogel-modified fillers with free nanogel additives in the resin reduced stress by 50% (1.2–1.1 MPa).
  • Nanogel additives significantly reduced polymerization rate and volumetric shrinkage, with minimal impact on flexural modulus.

Conclusions:

  • A novel filler-resin interphase structure using nanogel additives effectively minimizes polymerization stress in dental composites.
  • Combining surface-modified fillers with dispersed nanogels offers a synergistic approach to dramatically reduce polymerization stress and volumetric shrinkage.
  • This strategy provides a promising avenue for developing advanced dental restorative materials with improved durability and performance.