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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Nucleic Acids02:43

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Weak Acid Solutions04:02

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Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
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Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
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Small-Angle Scattering as a Structural Probe for Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles (NANPs) in a Dynamic Solution

Ryan C Oliver1, Lewis A Rolband2, Alanna M Hutchinson-Lundy3

  • 1Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA. ryanoliver5683@gmail.com.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Small-angle scattering (SAS) techniques characterize nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) in solution. This review highlights SAS applications for optimizing NANP design and understanding their structure-function relationships.

Keywords:
contrast variationnucleic acid nanoparticlesmall-angle X-ray scatteringsmall-angle neutron scatteringstructural characterization

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) are emerging as versatile building materials for creating functional nanostructures and nanodevices.
  • The field of nucleic acid nanotechnology offers biocompatible scaffolds for diverse applications.
  • Detailed structural and functional characterization is crucial for advancing these emerging technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of Small-angle scattering (SAS) methods in nucleic acid nanotechnology.
  • To summarize the successful utilization of SAS in characterizing nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs).
  • To present a vision for SAS in complementing existing structural characterization tools for NANPs.

Main Methods:

  • Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) are employed.
  • SAS techniques determine the conformation and dimensions of NANPs in solution.
  • Deuterium labeling and neutron scattering contrast variation enable characterization of multi-component assemblies.

Main Results:

  • SAS provides insights into the overall shapes and conformational changes of NANPs.
  • Neutron scattering differentiates between nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins within assemblies.
  • SAS is effective for optimizing NANP design by studying behavior under various solution conditions.

Conclusions:

  • SAS is a powerful technique for the structural characterization of NANPs.
  • SAS facilitates the optimization of NANP design and understanding of their solution behavior.
  • SAS is a valuable tool that complements other structural characterization methods in nucleic acid nanotechnology.