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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

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Endoscopy Guided Photoablation of Endometrial Cysts using a 980 nm Laser with a Contact Fiber in Mares
Published on: July 16, 2020
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Efficient Nd:Ti:LiNbO3 ridge waveguide lasers emitting around 1085 nm
Optics Express
|May 5, 2019
Summary
We developed efficient neodymium-doped titanium-indiffused ridge waveguide lasers in lithium niobate using a novel fabrication technique. Indium tin oxide coating improved damage resistance, leading to high output power and slope efficiency for these advanced lasers.
Area of Science:
- Optics and Photonics
- Materials Science
- Laser Technology
Background:
- Neodymium-doped lithium niobate (Nd:LiNbO3) lasers are crucial for various photonic applications.
- Developing efficient and stable waveguide lasers remains a key challenge in integrated optics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report on efficient neodymium-doped titanium-indiffused ridge waveguide lasers.
- To demonstrate a novel fabrication technique for Nd:Ti:LiNbO3 ridge waveguides.
- To enhance photorefractive damage resistance for stable laser operation.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of Nd:Ti:LiNbO3 ridge waveguides using a novel three-side evaporation and in-diffusion technique.
- Incorporation of neodymium (Nd) and titanium (Ti) into x-cut congruent lithium niobate (LiNbO3).
- Application of indium tin oxide (ITO) coating to improve photorefractive damage resistance.
Main Results:
- Achieved stable laser operation at 1084.7 nm.
- Obtained a maximum output power of 108 mW.
- Reached a slope efficiency of 34%, surpassing previous literature values for Nd:Ti:LiNbO3 ridge waveguide lasers.
Conclusions:
- The novel fabrication method and ITO coating enable highly efficient and stable Nd:Ti:LiNbO3 ridge waveguide lasers.
- These results represent a significant advancement in integrated photonics.
- The developed lasers show great potential for applications requiring high-performance light sources.
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