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Related Concept Videos

Range00:59

Range

13.9K
The range is one of the measures of variation. It can be defined as the difference between a dataset's highest and lowest values. For example, in the study of seven 16-ounce soda cans, the filled volume of soda was measured, thus producing the following amount (in ounces) of soda:
15.9; 16.1; 15.2; 14.8; 15.8; 15.9; 16.0; 15.5
Measurements of the amount of soda in a 16-ounce can vary since different subjects record these measurements or since the exact amount - 16 ounces of liquid, was not...
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Pulse01:16

Pulse

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When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical...
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Pulse01:05

Pulse

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The pulse is one of the most fundamental physiological indicators of the body's cardiovascular health. It is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arterial walls in response to the pressure generated by the heart's pumping action.
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls...
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Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation02:32

Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation

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In the field of psychology, there are several ways to organize measurements of a trait, feature, or characteristic (i.e., variables). Qualitative data, such as ethnicity, can be tabulated into a frequency count to provide information about the proportion, as well as the variety of groups in a sample or population. On the other hand, researchers can perform a wider set of calculations on quantitative data. The mean, mode, and median, for instance, are central tendency measures to identify a...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Laser ranging using coherent pulse compression with frequency shifting loops.

Juan Clement, Côme Schnébelin, Hugues Guillet de Chatellus

    Optics Express
    |May 5, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Acousto-optic frequency combs from frequency shifting loops offer a compact solution for optical pulse compression. These versatile waveform generators achieve high compression ratios and resolution, simplifying optical metrology systems.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Broadband lasers are commonly used for optical pulse compression.
    • Existing systems often require complex and fast electronic components.
    • Compact and versatile optical waveform generators are needed for advanced metrology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate acousto-optic frequency combs as compact optical waveform generators.
    • To evaluate their performance in pulse compression systems.
    • To explore their application in optical coherent domain metrology.

    Main Methods:

    • Generation of acousto-optic frequency combs using frequency shifting loops.
    • Utilizing heterodyne measurements to retrieve the complex optical field up to 20 GHz bandwidth.
    • Implementing pulse compression techniques with the generated waveforms.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved compression ratios up to 150 at an 80-MHz repetition rate.
    • Demonstrated autocorrelation peak-to-sidelobe ratios exceeding 28 dB.
    • Obtained 4 mm resolution in a proof-of-concept ranging experiment.

    Conclusions:

    • Frequency shifting loops provide compact and tunable optical waveform generators.
    • These systems offer a simpler alternative to broadband lasers, avoiding fast electronics.
    • The demonstrated capabilities enable compact pulse compression for optical metrology.