Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

5.9K
Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
5.9K
Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate

1.1K
Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily...
1.1K
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

3.9K
Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
3.9K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers01:17

Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers

1.2K
Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
1.2K
Antianginal Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers and Ranolazine01:25

Antianginal Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers and Ranolazine

1.4K
Angina pectoris, a primary symptom of ischemic heart disease, requires careful pharmacological interventions. In this context, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and ranolazine have emerged as crucial pharmacotherapeutic agents, providing deep insights into the complexities of angina management.
CCBs, a diverse class that includes dihydropyridines (nifedipine) and diphenylalkylamines (verapamil and diltiazem), exert their effect by blocking calcium channels in cardiac and smooth muscle cells. This...
1.4K
Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Calcium Channel Blockers01:18

Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Calcium Channel Blockers

1.6K
Calcium ions are essential to contract smooth muscle cells in blood vessels. They enter these cells through voltage-dependent calcium channels, specifically L-type calcium channels in the cell membrane. These L-type calcium channels are integral to the excitation-contraction coupling process in smooth muscle. When a stimulus is received by smooth muscle cells, their membrane depolarizes. This alteration in membrane potential instigates the opening of L-type calcium channels. As a result,...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Kerr-lens mode-locking of an Yb:SrF<sub>2</sub> laser generating 37 fs pulses.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Floating nanometric poly(methyl methacrylate) films by bursting bubbles.

Nanoscale·2026
Same author

Resonantly pumped tunable Tm,X:CaF<sub>2</sub> lasers: effect of buffer ions (X = Y, La, Gd, and Lu).

Optics express·2026
Same author

Broadly tunable continuous-wave Tm:CALYO laser operating on the <sup>3</sup>H<sub>4</sub>→<sup>3</sup>H<sub>5</sub> transition.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Bonded Nd:glass laser gain heterostructures under transverse diode pumping for thermal management in high-energy laser amplifiers.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Periodically extended architecture for power scaling of diode-pumped solid-state lasers: proof of concept with Pr:LiYF<sub>4</sub>.

Optics express·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
07:28

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

Published on: August 30, 2012

11.1K

Ytterbium calcium fluoride waveguide laser.

Pavel Loiko, Rémi Soulard, Esrom Kifle

    Optics Express
    |May 5, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers developed the first ytterbium-doped calcium fluoride (Yb:CaF2) planar waveguide laser. This new Yb:CaF2 film technology shows promise for high-power, ultrashort-pulse lasers and amplifiers.

    More Related Videos

    Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
    11:08

    Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

    Published on: November 30, 2012

    19.5K
    Fabrication of Zero Mode Waveguides for High Concentration Single Molecule Microscopy
    08:01

    Fabrication of Zero Mode Waveguides for High Concentration Single Molecule Microscopy

    Published on: May 12, 2020

    8.7K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

    Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
    07:28

    Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

    Published on: August 30, 2012

    11.1K
    Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
    11:08

    Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

    Published on: November 30, 2012

    19.5K
    Fabrication of Zero Mode Waveguides for High Concentration Single Molecule Microscopy
    08:01

    Fabrication of Zero Mode Waveguides for High Concentration Single Molecule Microscopy

    Published on: May 12, 2020

    8.7K

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Laser Physics
    • Optoelectronics

    Background:

    • Calcium fluoride (CaF2) is a key material for optical components.
    • Doping CaF2 with rare-earth ions, like ytterbium (Yb), enhances its optical properties.
    • Yb:CaF2 is recognized as an efficient gain medium for high-power, ultrashort-pulse bulk lasers operating near 1 μm.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report the development and performance of the first Yb:CaF2 planar waveguide laser.
    • To investigate the potential of Yb:CaF2 thin films for advanced laser applications.

    Main Methods:

    • High-optical-quality, single-crystalline, waveguiding Yb:CaF2 thin films were grown on CaF2 substrates using Liquid Phase Epitaxy.
    • Spectroscopic studies were conducted to determine the ion coordination.
    • Optical gain was demonstrated in the Yb:CaF2 waveguide.

    Main Results:

    • The predominant coordination of isolated Yb3+ ions in trigonal oxygen-assisted sites (C3v(T2)) was identified.
    • A 1.4 at.% Yb:CaF2 planar waveguide laser successfully generated 114 mW of power at 1037 nm.
    • A slope efficiency of 12.9% was achieved for the Yb:CaF2 waveguide laser.

    Conclusions:

    • Yb:CaF2 thin films are a promising material for creating advanced optical devices.
    • These films are suitable for power-scalable waveguide lasers and amplifiers.
    • The demonstrated performance highlights the potential of Yb:CaF2 waveguides in laser technology.