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Determining topological charge based on an improved Fizeau interferometer.

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    We developed a simple Fizeau interferometer to measure topological charge. This method accurately determines the sign and magnitude of charge for various beams, with potential in optical communications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical physics
    • Quantum optics
    • Beam characterization

    Background:

    • Topological charge is a fundamental property of optical vortex beams.
    • Accurate measurement of topological charge is crucial for applications in optical communication and microscopy.
    • Existing methods for topological charge determination can be complex or lack precision.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel and simplified method for determining the topological charge of optical beams.
    • To experimentally validate the proposed method using various beam types.
    • To assess the potential applications of this technique in optical communication systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of an improved Fizeau interferometer.
    • Generation and analysis of vortex, Hermite-Gaussian, and elliptical vortex beams.
    • Experimental verification of phase measurements using the developed interferometer.

    Main Results:

    • The improved Fizeau interferometer is easy to construct and provides distinct interference fringes.
    • The method successfully determines the sign and magnitude of topological charge for tested beams.
    • Experimental verification confirms the accuracy of the phase measurement technique.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed Fizeau interferometer offers a convenient and accurate approach for topological charge measurement.
    • This technique has potential applications in advanced optical communication systems, particularly in free-space optical links.
    • The distinct interference patterns simplify the analysis and enhance the reliability of the results.