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Related Concept Videos

Contact-dependent Signaling01:19

Contact-dependent Signaling

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Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
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In animal cells, gap junctions are formed...
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When a solid is dipped inside a liquid, the liquid surface becomes curved near the contact. For some solid–liquid interfaces, the liquid is pulled up along the solid, while for others, the liquid surface is convex or depressed near the solid surface. This phenomenon can be explained using the concept of cohesive and adhesive forces.
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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
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Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

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It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
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Case Studies01:22

Case Studies

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There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

In Situ Monitoring of the Accelerated Performance Degradation of Solar Cells and Modules: A Case Study for CuIn,GaSe2 Solar Cells
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In Situ Monitoring of the Accelerated Performance Degradation of Solar Cells and Modules: A Case Study for CuIn,GaSe2 Solar Cells

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Optical study of back-contacted CIGS solar cells.

Nasim Rezaei, Olindo Isabella, Paul Procel

    Optics Express
    |May 5, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new back-contacted solar cell using copper indium gallium (di)selenide absorbers shows over 38% improved optical performance. This advanced CIGS solar cell design approaches theoretical absorption limits.

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Renewable Energy
    • Photovoltaics

    Background:

    • Copper Indium Gallium (di)Selenide (CIGS) is a promising material for thin-film solar cells.
    • Optimizing absorber thickness and contact configuration is crucial for enhancing CIGS solar cell efficiency.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and optically investigate a novel back-contacted CIGS solar cell with a submicron absorber.
    • To analyze charge carrier collection feasibility and optimize configurations for maximum current production.

    Main Methods:

    • Band diagram analysis for charge carrier collection feasibility.
    • Optical simulations to optimize two back-contacted configurations.
    • Comparison with a reference front/back-contacted CIGS solar cell.

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    Flash Infrared Annealing for Perovskite Solar Cell Processing
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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

    In Situ Monitoring of the Accelerated Performance Degradation of Solar Cells and Modules: A Case Study for CuIn,GaSe2 Solar Cells
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    In Situ Monitoring of the Accelerated Performance Degradation of Solar Cells and Modules: A Case Study for CuIn,GaSe2 Solar Cells

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    Fabrication of Robust Nanoscale Contact between a Silver Nanowire Electrode and CdS Buffer Layer in CuIn,GaSe2 Thin-film Solar Cells
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    Flash Infrared Annealing for Perovskite Solar Cell Processing
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    Flash Infrared Annealing for Perovskite Solar Cell Processing

    Published on: February 3, 2021

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    Main Results:

    • A novel back-contacted CIGS solar cell design was proposed and investigated.
    • Simulations predict a current density of 38.84 mA/cm2 with realistic front-side texturing.
    • This represents over 38% improvement in optical performance compared to a reference cell.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed back-contacted CIGS solar cell demonstrates significant optical performance enhancement.
    • The design shows only a 7.7% deviation from the theoretical Green absorption benchmark.
    • This work paves the way for more efficient CIGS solar cell technologies.