Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges01:30

Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges

7.0K
Atoms generally contain the same number of positively and negatively charged particles, protons, and electrons. Hence, they are electrically neutral. However, the centers of the positive and negative charges do not always coincide. In such a scenario, the electric field of an atom may not be zero.
A separation of the positive and negative charges can lead to a weak, remnant effect of the positive and negative charges. The expectation is that the more the distance between the positive and...
7.0K
Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management01:28

Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management

312
Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...
312
Induced Electric Fields: Applications01:27

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

2.6K
An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
2.6K
One-Way ANOVA: Equal Sample Sizes01:15

One-Way ANOVA: Equal Sample Sizes

4.0K
One-Way ANOVA can be performed on three or more samples with equal or unequal sample sizes. When one-way ANOVA is performed on two datasets with samples of equal sizes, it can be easily observed that the computed F statistic is highly sensitive to the sample mean.
Different sample means can result in different values for the variance estimate: variance between samples. This is because the variance between samples is calculated as the product of the sample size and the variance between the...
4.0K
Pulse amplitude and quality01:17

Pulse amplitude and quality

3.1K
Pulse amplitude is a crucial indicator of cardiac health because it provides valuable insights into the strength of left ventricular contractions and the overall uniformity of blood circulation within the vasculature. The strength of the pulse is directly related to the force with which the heart contracts and the volume of blood being pumped.
A weak or absent pulse may indicate reduced cardiac output or poor left ventricular contraction, which can be signs of cardiovascular dysfunction or...
3.1K
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

11.4K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
11.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Proteomic Analysis of Serum Extracellular Vesicles Revealed Fibulin-3 as a Novel Predictive Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B.

Hepatology research : the official journal of the Japan Society of Hepatology·2026
Same author

Shrinkage paradox in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms is associated with higher concomitant pancreatic cancer risk.

European radiology·2026
Same author

Disease burden and quality of life in caregivers of infants with RSV lower respiratory tract infections in Japan.

Japanese journal of infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Risk of lymph-node metastasis in early onset T1 colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of gastroenterology·2026
Same author

A novel "Hammock method" for retrieval of large specimens after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection using a dual-channel endoscope.

Endoscopy·2026
Same author

Optimal Stenting Strategy During Chemotherapy: Impact of Time to First Reintervention on Survival in Malignant Hilar Biliary Obstruction.

DEN open·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces
09:33

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Published on: June 7, 2019

6.7K

Demonstration of PAM4-OCDM system with electrical amplitude-level pre-tuning and post-equalization for data centers

Takahiro Kodama, Tatsuya Miyazaki, Masanori Hanawa

    Optics Express
    |May 5, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    We demonstrate a power-efficient 4-channel Pulse Amplitude Modulation with 4-levels (PAM4) Optical Code Division Multiplexing (OCDM) system for short-reach optical communications. This novel system integrates optical multiplexing with advanced electrical processing for enhanced performance.

    More Related Videos

    Modeling Fast-scan Cyclic Voltammetry Data from Electrically Stimulated Dopamine Neurotransmission Data Using QNsim1.0
    07:41

    Modeling Fast-scan Cyclic Voltammetry Data from Electrically Stimulated Dopamine Neurotransmission Data Using QNsim1.0

    Published on: June 5, 2017

    10.3K
    A New Application of the Electrical Penetration Graph EPG for Acquiring and Measuring Electrical Signals in Phloem Sieve Elements
    14:16

    A New Application of the Electrical Penetration Graph EPG for Acquiring and Measuring Electrical Signals in Phloem Sieve Elements

    Published on: July 2, 2015

    15.4K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

    Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces
    09:33

    Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

    Published on: June 7, 2019

    6.7K
    Modeling Fast-scan Cyclic Voltammetry Data from Electrically Stimulated Dopamine Neurotransmission Data Using QNsim1.0
    07:41

    Modeling Fast-scan Cyclic Voltammetry Data from Electrically Stimulated Dopamine Neurotransmission Data Using QNsim1.0

    Published on: June 5, 2017

    10.3K
    A New Application of the Electrical Penetration Graph EPG for Acquiring and Measuring Electrical Signals in Phloem Sieve Elements
    14:16

    A New Application of the Electrical Penetration Graph EPG for Acquiring and Measuring Electrical Signals in Phloem Sieve Elements

    Published on: July 2, 2015

    15.4K

    Area of Science:

    • Optical communications
    • Signal processing
    • Multiplexing technologies

    Background:

    • Short-reach optical networks require power-efficient and high-capacity solutions.
    • Optical Code Division Multiplexing (OCDM) offers a flexible approach to multiplexing optical signals.
    • Pulse Amplitude Modulation with 4 levels (PAM4) is a key modulation scheme for increasing data rates.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel PAM4-OCDM system for short-reach applications.
    • To achieve a power-efficient 4 OC x 10 GSymbol/s PAM4-OCDM system.
    • To investigate the impact of electrical pre-/post-processing on system performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Simultaneous generation of four Phase-Shift Keying-Optical Carriers (PSK-OCs) using a single light source and a passive multiport optical encoder.
    • Reception using a single optical decoder and cascaded Digital Signal Processing (DSP).
    • Experimental demonstration of electrical-domain amplitude level pre-tuning and post-equalizer effectiveness.

    Main Results:

    • First experimental demonstration of a power-efficient 4 OC x 10 GSymbol/s PAM4-OCDM system.
    • Validation of simultaneous generation and reception of multiple PSK-OCs.
    • Demonstration of the effectiveness of electrical pre-tuning and post-equalization techniques.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed PAM4-OCDM system is a viable and power-efficient solution for short-reach optical communication systems.
    • Electrical domain processing, including pre-tuning and equalization, significantly enhances system performance.
    • This work paves the way for higher capacity and more efficient optical networks.