Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

127.9K
Overview
127.9K
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

2.3K
Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
2.3K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

2.1K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
2.1K
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.6K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.6K
Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)01:42

Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)

5.8K
Microtubule function and architecture are regulated by an array of specialized proteins called microtubule-associated proteins or MAPs. These proteins are widespread across different organisms and have conserved protein motifs, like the multi-TOG domain for tubulin binding found in the CLASP family of MAPs. Some MAPs are lineage-specific based on their conserved domains. Their functions depend upon the cytoskeletal architecture and cell type they are located within. In-plant cells, a specific...
5.8K
Plotting of Topographic Maps01:29

Plotting of Topographic Maps

494
Topographic maps represent the Earth's surface features using contour lines, which connect points of equal elevation to create a two-dimensional representation of three-dimensional terrain. Creating a topographic map requires a systematic approach.Begin by plotting a scaled grid and marking intersections corresponding to the survey's elevation data points. Assign elevation values at these intersections to build the base map. Next, determine contour levels using a consistent contour interval,...
494

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Animal- and Plant-Derived Protein Nanocarriers for the Delivery of Natural Compounds in Breast Cancer Chemoprevention.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Isolation of Metabolites With Antiviral Activity From the Brown Algae Dictyota fasciola and Dictyota mediterranea.

Chemistry & biodiversity·2026
Same author

Temperature and developmental stage govern intestinal susceptibility to human coronavirus 229E.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Correction: Clinical performance of a dual-target SARS CoV-2 antibody assay using sera from Ghana.

BMC infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Signaling Networks Regulating Metastatic Progression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Cells·2026
Same author

Aging and coronary artery calcification: a Mendelian randomization study.

Archives of medical science : AMS·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Rescue and Characterization of Recombinant Virus from a New World Zika Virus Infectious Clone
07:35

Rescue and Characterization of Recombinant Virus from a New World Zika Virus Infectious Clone

Published on: June 7, 2017

10.2K

Zika virus: mapping and reprogramming the entry.

Katarzyna Owczarek1,2, Yuliya Chykunova2, Christian Jassoy3

  • 1Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa,7a 2.25, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.

Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS
|May 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Zika virus fuses in late endosomes, dependent on pH. Bafilomycin A1 halts infection by blocking fusion, while NH4Cl redirects virus to the plasma membrane via a fast recycling pathway.

Keywords:
Ammonium chlorideBafilomycin A1EndocytosisFurinRecyclingTraffickingZIKV

More Related Videos

Zika Virus Specific Diagnostic Epitope Discovery
11:37

Zika Virus Specific Diagnostic Epitope Discovery

Published on: December 12, 2017

8.3K
High-throughput Antiviral Assays to Screen for Inhibitors of Zika Virus Replication
10:16

High-throughput Antiviral Assays to Screen for Inhibitors of Zika Virus Replication

Published on: October 30, 2021

4.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Rescue and Characterization of Recombinant Virus from a New World Zika Virus Infectious Clone
07:35

Rescue and Characterization of Recombinant Virus from a New World Zika Virus Infectious Clone

Published on: June 7, 2017

10.2K
Zika Virus Specific Diagnostic Epitope Discovery
11:37

Zika Virus Specific Diagnostic Epitope Discovery

Published on: December 12, 2017

8.3K
High-throughput Antiviral Assays to Screen for Inhibitors of Zika Virus Replication
10:16

High-throughput Antiviral Assays to Screen for Inhibitors of Zika Virus Replication

Published on: October 30, 2021

4.2K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Flaviviridae viruses enter cells via clathrin-mediated, pH-dependent endocytosis.
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) intracellular trafficking and replication site delivery remain poorly understood.
  • Mapping ZIKV's transport route and fusion site is crucial for understanding its lifecycle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the intracellular transport route of Zika virus.
  • To identify the specific fusion site of Zika virus within the endosomal compartment.
  • To elucidate the pH-dependency of Zika virus fusion.

Main Methods:

  • Confocal microscopy was used to track viral particles.
  • Immunostaining of structural proteins precisely mapped viral component routes.
  • RNAi silencing and chemical inhibitors validated the observed trafficking patterns.

Main Results:

  • Zika virus traffics through endosomes, fusing in late endosomes in a pH-dependent manner.
  • Bafilomycin A1 inhibits infection by blocking fusion and promoting viral degradation.
  • NH4Cl unexpectedly redirects ZIKV to the plasma membrane via rapid recycling, distinct from its known effect on endosome acidification.
  • ZIKV activation depends on furin or furin-like proteases, not serine or cysteine proteases.

Conclusions:

  • Zika virus fusion occurs in late endosomes and is pH-dependent.
  • Understanding ZIKV trafficking provides insights for developing novel antiviral strategies.
  • A novel mechanism of action for NH4Cl in viral entry studies was identified.