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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
Reservoir of Infection01:30

Reservoir of Infection

Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
Colonisation of Pathogens01:25

Colonisation of Pathogens

Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...

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Updated: May 15, 2026

The Insect Galleria mellonella as a Powerful Infection Model to Investigate Bacterial Pathogenesis
13:00

The Insect Galleria mellonella as a Powerful Infection Model to Investigate Bacterial Pathogenesis

Published on: December 11, 2012

The enterococcus: "putting the bug in our ears".

S A Hoffmann, R C Moellering

    Annals of Internal Medicine
    |May 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    High-level gentamicin-resistant enterococci are increasing, suggesting person-to-person spread in hospitals. Enhanced screening, modified antibiotic use, and strict infection control are recommended to combat these versatile pathogens.

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    Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
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    The Insect Galleria mellonella as a Powerful Infection Model to Investigate Bacterial Pathogenesis
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    Published on: December 11, 2012

    Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Colonization in Murine Host by Non-invasive In Vivo Bioluminescence System
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    Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
    08:19

    Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

    Published on: July 7, 2020

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Microbiology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Hospital Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Increasing frequency of high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) in clinical enterococcal isolates.
    • Enterococci are versatile pathogens causing serious illness, particularly in hospitalized patients.
    • HLGR strains limit treatment options due to broad antibiotic resistance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the frequency of colonization and infection with HLGR enterococci at a university medical center.
    • To investigate the transmission patterns of HLGR enterococci.
    • To provide recommendations for managing HLGR enterococci in healthcare settings.

    Main Methods:

    • Prospective study design.
    • Assessment of clinical isolates from a university medical center.
    • Analysis of colonization and infection rates.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated probable person-to-person spread of HLGR enterococci.
    • Identified the prevalence of HLGR enterococci colonization and infection.

    Conclusions:

    • Hospitals should implement systematic screening for HLGR enterococci.
    • Antimicrobial treatment strategies need modification to curb the emergence of HLGR enterococci.
    • Rigorous infection control practices are crucial to minimize the spread of HLGR enterococci.