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Assessing drug response in engineered brain microenvironments.

Kinsley M Tate1, Jennifer M Munson1

  • 1Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.

Brain Research Bulletin
|May 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered brain microenvironments offer advanced in vitro models for testing therapeutics against neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. While promising for personalized medicine, further development is needed to fully realize their potential in drug discovery.

Keywords:
Biomaterial scaffoldsBrain microenvironmentDrug screeningMicrofluidicsMicrotissue modelsNeuro-oncological diseaseNeurodegenerative diseaseNeurodevelopment disordersin vitro models

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Tissue-engineered systems are crucial for in vitro therapeutic testing and disease mechanism research.
  • Recent advancements have led to an explosion of in vitro models for neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and neuro-oncological diseases.
  • These models enhance understanding of disease mechanisms and enable higher-throughput, personalized therapeutic response modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of engineered brain microenvironments for therapeutic screening.
  • To discuss the benefits and limitations of these advanced in vitro models.
  • To highlight their role in discovering and testing novel therapeutic strategies for neurological conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing microfluidic devices, microtissue technology, and biomaterial scaffolds.
  • Developing engineered microenvironments to model specific neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, autism, Parkinson's disease, Zika-induced microcephaly, and neoplasms.
  • Applying these models for in vitro testing of therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Engineered brain microenvironments allow for more physiologically relevant testing of therapeutics.
  • These models provide new insights into the underlying causes and tissue-level interactions of neurological diseases.
  • The review identifies current benefits and existing limitations in the application of these systems.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered brain microenvironments represent a significant advancement in modeling neurological diseases for therapeutic discovery.
  • These systems offer a promising avenue for personalized medicine and understanding complex disease pathologies.
  • Further refinement of these models is essential to maximize their value in preclinical therapeutic screening and development.