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All objects we see around us consist of atoms, which combine to form molecules. The lightest element in the universe is hydrogen, and a hydrogen atom consists of a positively charged proton and a negatively charged electron. The magnitude of charge that a proton and an electron carry are the same, and it is the fundamental unit of charge. In SI units, it is 1.602 times 10-19 coulomb.
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Chitosan/copper nanocomposites: Correlation between electrical and antibacterial properties.

E Prokhorov1, B L España-Sánchez2, G Luna-Bárcenas1

  • 1Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) Unidad Querétaro, Libramiento Norponiente No. 2000, Fracc. Real de Juriquilla, Querétaro. C.P. 76230, Mexico.

Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces
|May 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study explores chitosan/copper nanocomposites (CS/CuNPs), finding optimal antibacterial activity at very low copper concentrations, below the electrical percolation threshold. This suggests potential for developing less toxic biomedical materials.

Keywords:
AntibacterialChitosan/copper nanocompositesComplex particlesPercolation threshold

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Chitosan (CS) is a versatile biopolymer with potential in biomedical applications.
  • Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) exhibit potent antibacterial properties.
  • Developing effective and safe nanocomposites requires understanding property correlations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between electrical and antibacterial properties of CS/CuNPs.
  • To determine the minimum effective CuNPs concentration in a CS matrix.
  • To explore the potential for creating non-toxic nanocomposites for biomedical use.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of CS/CuNPs using UV-vis, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and XPS.
  • Measurement of DC electrical conductivity to identify the percolation threshold.
  • Antibacterial assays against Gram-positive bacteria.

Main Results:

  • Formation of polygonal metallic CuNPs (30-50 nm) confirmed.
  • Chelation mechanism between CS and CuNPs identified.
  • Electrical percolation threshold observed at approximately 0.143% CuNPs concentration.
  • Maximum antibacterial activity achieved below the electrical percolation threshold.

Conclusions:

  • Antibacterial activity correlates with electron transfer between bacteria and CuNPs.
  • Optimal antibacterial efficacy is achieved at extremely low, sub-percolation CuNPs concentrations.
  • These findings support the design of safer, low-concentration CS/CuNPs for biomedical applications.