Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...

Role of Amygdala in Memory

Role of Amygdala in Memory

The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped structure responsible for processing and storing memories, particularly those linked to emotions like fear and stress. It plays an essential role in the brain's response to emotionally significant events and often enhances memory formation by triggering stress hormone release. The amygdala is vital for encoding and retrieving memories associated with fear or stress, a process that is adaptive by helping organisms avoid dangerous situations.
One of the...

Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory

Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory

Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
Glutamate and Synaptic Plasticity
Glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, is...

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...

Non-Verbal Cues

Non-Verbal Cues

Non-verbal communication extends beyond gestures and facial expressions to include vocal elements known as paralanguage. Paralanguage consists of non-verbal vocal cues such as pitch, loudness, speech rate, pauses, and non-verbal vocalizations like laughter, sighs, and moans. These elements not only accompany speech but also provide critical emotional and contextual information.The Role of Paralanguage in CommunicationParalanguage adds depth to spoken language by conveying emotions and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Ventral hippocampus and the contextual control of Pavlovian and instrumental behaviors.

Neurobiology of learning and memory·2026

Same author

Renewal of conditioned fear in a third context after either extinction or counterconditioning: Testing the effects of sex and hormones.

Behavioral neuroscience·2025

Same author

Robust renewal after extinction of remotely acquired Pavlovian conditioning.

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)·2025

Same author

Influence of context on extinguished appetitive conditioning in male and female rats.

Behavioral neuroscience·2025

Same author

Editorial: Cortico-hippocampal interactions during learning and memory.

Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience·2024

Same author

Retrosplenial cortex and aversive conditioning.

Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Simultaneous Two-photon In Vivo Imaging of Synaptic Inputs and Postsynaptic Targets in the Mouse Retrosplenial Cortex

Simultaneous Two-photon In Vivo Imaging of Synaptic Inputs and Postsynaptic Targets in the Mouse Retrosplenial Cortex

Published on: March 13, 2016

Retrosplenial cortex and its role in cue-specific learning and memory.

Travis P Todd¹, Danielle I Fournier¹, David J Bucci¹

¹Dartmouth College, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 6207 Moore Hall, NH, 03755, USA.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

|May 6, 2019

Summary

The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is vital for spatial navigation and contextual memory. New research shows the RSC also plays a key role in learning and remembering specific cues, linking cue-specific memory to context processing.

Keywords:

Context Discrimination learning Extinction Fear conditioning Instrumental learning Pavlovian conditioning Remote memory Retrosplenial cortex

More Related Videos

Assessing Spatial Learning and Memory in Small Squamate Reptiles

Assessing Spatial Learning and Memory in Small Squamate Reptiles

Published on: January 3, 2017

Drosophila Courtship Conditioning As a Measure of Learning and Memory

Drosophila Courtship Conditioning As a Measure of Learning and Memory

Published on: June 5, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Simultaneous Two-photon In Vivo Imaging of Synaptic Inputs and Postsynaptic Targets in the Mouse Retrosplenial Cortex

Simultaneous Two-photon In Vivo Imaging of Synaptic Inputs and Postsynaptic Targets in the Mouse Retrosplenial Cortex

Published on: March 13, 2016

Assessing Spatial Learning and Memory in Small Squamate Reptiles

Assessing Spatial Learning and Memory in Small Squamate Reptiles

Published on: January 3, 2017

Drosophila Courtship Conditioning As a Measure of Learning and Memory

Drosophila Courtship Conditioning As a Measure of Learning and Memory

Published on: June 5, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Behavioral Neuroscience

Background:

The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is traditionally linked to spatial navigation and contextual memory.
Emerging evidence indicates the RSC's involvement in learning and memory for discrete sensory cues (e.g., auditory, visual).

Purpose of the Study:

To review and evaluate Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning studies investigating the RSC's role in cue-specific learning and memory.
To explore the relationship between cue-specific memory and contextual processing within the RSC.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of experimental literature on Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning paradigms.
Analysis of studies examining the RSC's function in cue-elicited behaviors and memory recall.

Main Results:

The RSC is implicated in various forms of cue-specific learning and memory, extending beyond its known roles.
Evidence suggests that RSC contributions to cue-specific memory are intrinsically connected to its role in processing contextual information.

Conclusions:

The RSC's function in cue-specific learning and memory is not isolated but deeply integrated with contextual processing.
Future research should consider the interplay between discrete cues and context when investigating RSC mechanisms.