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Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Metallic Solids02:37

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Levels of Organization01:09

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Biological organization is the classification of biological structures, ranging from atoms at the bottom of the hierarchy to the Earth's biosphere. Each level of the hierarchy represents an increase in complexity that builds upon the previous level.
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Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks
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Metal-organic frameworks for aquatic arsenic removal.

C Wang1, J Luan1, C Wu1

  • 1Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, SINOPEC Group, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.

Water Research
|May 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer a promising solution for removing toxic arsenic from water. This review highlights MOF materials

Keywords:
AdsorbentsArsenicDecontaminationMOFsWater treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Arsenic contamination in water poses significant risks to human health and ecosystems.
  • Conventional methods for arsenic removal often face limitations in efficiency and stability.
  • Highly porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as advanced materials for pollutant capture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development and application of MOF-based materials for arsenic removal from aqueous solutions.
  • To systematically analyze the characteristics, performance, and interaction mechanisms of MOFs in arsenic remediation.
  • To compare MOF-based materials with conventional arsenic removal technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on MOF materials for arsenic capture.
  • Systematic study of material characteristics and application performance.
  • Analysis of interaction mechanisms using experimental and spectroscopic data.
  • Comparative assessment of MOFs against traditional removal materials.

Main Results:

  • MOF-based materials exhibit excellent chemical stability and abundant functional groups for effective arsenic adsorption.
  • Various MOF structures demonstrate high efficiency in removing toxic arsenic species from water.
  • MOFs show comparable or superior performance to conventional arsenic removal materials.
  • Microscopic and macroscopic analyses provide insights into the arsenic interaction mechanisms with MOFs.

Conclusions:

  • MOF-based materials represent a highly promising class of adsorbents for aquatic arsenic remediation.
  • Further research into up-scaling and development challenges is crucial for practical applications.
  • MOFs hold significant potential for future water purification technologies to combat arsenic pollution.