Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Routes of Persuasion02:20

Routes of Persuasion

68.5K
Persuasion is the process of changing our attitude toward something based on some kind of communication. Much of the persuasion we experience comes from outside forces. How do people convince others to change their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors? What communications do you receive that attempt to persuade you to change your attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors?
68.5K
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

1.7K
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
1.7K
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

1.6K
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
1.6K
Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

2.8K
The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
2.8K
Routes of Drug Administration: Overview01:22

Routes of Drug Administration: Overview

9.5K
Drug administration involves delivering drugs to the body through various routes, such as enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral administration refers to drugs absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. They can be swallowed (perorally), placed under the tongue (sublingually), or on the inner lining of the cheeks (buccally). Perorally administered drugs take time to be absorbed and have a slower onset of action. The rectal route is another form of enteral administration, which allows for...
9.5K
Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

2.5K
Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
2.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Boundary Vector Cells Encode a Future-Biased Spectrum of Positions in the Rat.

Hippocampus·2026
Same author

(Remembering) Vector Coding of Boundaries and Objects in the Subiculum.

Hippocampus·2026
Same author

Boundary Vector Cells Encode a Future-Biased Spectrum of Positions in the Rat.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Impaired contingency judgement in mice under ketamine: an implication for an altered sense of agency in schizophrenia.

Psychopharmacology·2025
Same author

The GRIA1 AMPA receptor subunit and selective learning.

Neurobiology of learning and memory·2025
Same author

Context blindness in the BTBR T<sup>+</sup> tf mouse model of autism: impaired contextual control of discrimination reversal learning.

Behavioural brain research·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
07:43

Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Published on: May 12, 2015

11.7K

En route to delineating hippocampal roles in spatial learning.

Steven Poulter1, Joseph M Austen1, Yutaka Kosaki2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.

Behavioural Brain Research
|May 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The hippocampus is crucial for spatial learning by integrating self-motion cues. Lesions or reduced sensory input facilitate learning when navigation is simplified, suggesting a role in competing memory systems.

Keywords:
Cognitive mapGetting thereHippocampusKnowing whereMultiple memory systemsPassive learningSelf-Generated motionSpatial learning

More Related Videos

Assessing Spatial Learning and Memory in Small Squamate Reptiles
08:44

Assessing Spatial Learning and Memory in Small Squamate Reptiles

Published on: January 3, 2017

8.0K
Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke
09:45

Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke

Published on: March 22, 2016

10.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
07:43

Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Published on: May 12, 2015

11.7K
Assessing Spatial Learning and Memory in Small Squamate Reptiles
08:44

Assessing Spatial Learning and Memory in Small Squamate Reptiles

Published on: January 3, 2017

8.0K
Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke
09:45

Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke

Published on: March 22, 2016

10.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Behavioral Neuroscience

Background:

  • The hippocampus's exact function in spatial learning, particularly in tasks like the Morris Water Maze (MWM), remains debated.
  • One hypothesis suggests the hippocampus is vital for 'getting there' (navigation) rather than just 'knowing where' (place memory).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of self-motion cues and the hippocampus in spatial learning.
  • To test the theory that the hippocampus is essential for the 'getting there' aspect of navigation.

Main Methods:

  • Rats with and without hippocampal lesions were tested in modified MWM tasks.
  • Navigation strategies were manipulated, including passive transport and the use of overhead landmarks.
  • Environmental boundary learning was assessed to confirm lesion efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Intact rats required self-motion cues for place learning; passive transport hindered learning.
  • Hippocampal lesions or reduced sensory input (light-tight box) facilitated learning during passive transport.
  • Hippocampal lesions improved landmark-based learning, suggesting reduced reliance on the hippocampus when navigation is simplified.
  • Lesioned rats showed deficits in boundary-based learning, confirming lesion effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Self-generated motion cues are critical for hippocampal-dependent spatial mapping and place learning.
  • The hippocampus may compete with other memory systems, and its role can be bypassed or even improved when navigation is simplified.
  • These findings highlight the importance of active navigation and sensory feedback in spatial memory formation.