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Related Concept Videos

Accelerators01:17

Accelerators

278
Accelerators in concrete serve as admixtures to speed up the hardening process, enabling the concrete to achieve early strength faster. Although accelerators do not necessarily impact the time it takes concrete to set, they reduce this time in practice. A common accelerator is calcium chloride, which is particularly useful for hastening early strength development in cold weather or for rapid repair jobs that require quick heat generation after mixing.
The effectiveness of calcium chloride can...
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Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

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The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
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Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
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Accelerating Fluids01:17

Accelerating Fluids

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When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
The motion of the liquid within this infinitesimal cylinder is considered to obtain the pressure difference. Three vertical forces act on this liquid:
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Instantaneous Acceleration01:16

Instantaneous Acceleration

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Acceleration is in the direction of the change in velocity, but it is not always in the direction of motion. When an object slows down, its acceleration is opposite to the direction of its motion. Although commonly referred to as deceleration, this causes confusion in our analysis as deceleration is not a vector, and does not point to a specific direction with respect to a coordinate system. Therefore, the term deceleration is not used. For example, when a subway train slows down, it...
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Acceleration Vectors01:30

Acceleration Vectors

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In everyday conversation, accelerating means speeding up. Acceleration is a vector in the same direction as the change in velocity, Δv, therefore the greater the acceleration, the greater the change in velocity over a given time. Since velocity is a vector, it can change in magnitude, direction, or both. Thus acceleration is a change in speed or direction, or both. For example, if a runner traveling at 10 km/h due east slows to a stop, reverses direction, and continues their run at 10 km/h...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing by Stimulated Raman Scattering Imaging of Deuterium Incorporation in a Single Bacterium
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Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing by Stimulated Raman Scattering Imaging of Deuterium Incorporation in a Single Bacterium

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How to accelerate antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

E A Idelevich1, K Becker1

  • 1Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection : the Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
|May 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (rAST) is essential for treating multidrug-resistant infections. Affordable and user-friendly methods are key for widespread adoption in clinical diagnostics to ensure timely patient care.

Keywords:
AntibioticDirect susceptibility testingInoculum effectLag phaseMALDI-TOF mass spectrometryPhenotypic susceptibility testingRapid antimicrobial susceptibility testingRapid diagnostics

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex for First and Second Line Drugs by Broth Dilution in a Microtiter Plate Format
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Preparation of a Blood Culture Pellet for Rapid Bacterial Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing
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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Diagnostic Technology

Background:

  • Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is crucial for effective treatment, especially with rising multidrug-resistant organisms.
  • Rapid AST (rAST) is needed to expedite the availability of results to clinicians.
  • Phenotypic rAST offers broad applicability but faces challenges like growth time and inoculum effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of current possibilities for accelerating AST.
  • To discuss technical and strategic aspects of rAST for researchers and industry developers.
  • To highlight criteria for successful rAST assays in routine diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on rAST methods and their implementation in routine diagnostics.
  • Analysis of technical challenges and potential solutions for phenotypic rAST.
  • Evaluation of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based AST.

Main Results:

  • Phenotypic rAST is universal but time-consuming; mechanism detection is faster but clinically limited.
  • MALDI-TOF MS-based AST shows promise, especially when combined with identification.
  • Direct testing from positive blood cultures is most suitable, while other specimens face obstacles like polymicrobial samples.

Conclusions:

  • Generating AST reports within a working shift is feasible with current technologies.
  • Affordable and user-friendly rAST technologies are essential for broad diagnostic routine adoption.
  • Collaborative efforts between industry, authorities, and academia are needed for rAST dissemination.