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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms in Fruit Flies &#8212; Genetic Models and Behavioral Tests
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Teaching Digital, Block-Based Coding of Robots to High School Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Challenging

Victoria F Knight1, John Wright2, Kalli Wilson3

  • 1Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2125 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada. vicki.knight@ubc.ca.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
|May 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study shows that students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can learn to code robots, generalizing skills to new commands and creating their own programs. This opens new avenues for STEM education for individuals with ASD.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disorderCodingEmotional behavior disorderProgrammingRoboticsSTEM

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics in Education
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • STEM Learning

Background:

  • Robots are used to teach communication skills to students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • Research on teaching robotics coding to promote STEM learning in students with ASD is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of explicit coding instruction using a model-lead-test approach.
  • To assess acquisition, generalization, and self-generation of robotic codes in students with ASD.

Main Methods:

  • A multiple probe across participants design was employed.
  • Three students with ASD and challenging behaviors participated.
  • Instruction focused on explicit coding for robotic movement, sounds, and lights.

Main Results:

  • All participants acquired the explicitly-taught code.
  • Participants generalized the learned code to novel robotic functions.
  • Students successfully self-generated unique sets of codes.

Conclusions:

  • Explicit coding instruction is effective for teaching robotics to students with ASD.
  • This approach enhances STEM learning and creativity in this population.
  • Findings support the use of robotics programming as an educational tool for individuals with ASD.