Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 25, 2026
06:24
Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
Published on: January 10, 2025
1.4K
Gender-specific change in leptin concentrations during long-term CPAP therapy
Miia Aro1,2,3, Ulla Anttalainen4,5,6, Samu Kurki7
1Division of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Turku University Hospital, PO Box 52, FI-20520, Turku, Finland. mmisot@utu.fi.
Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung
|May 6, 2019
Summary
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) increased leptin levels in female patients over three years. This finding suggests a potential hormonal shift associated with long-term CPAP use in women.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Sleep Medicine
- Pulmonology
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) affects energy balance, with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) potentially influencing endocrine factors like leptin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).
- Weight gain is a concern for some OSAS patients undergoing CPAP therapy, prompting investigation into underlying hormonal mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the long-term effects of CPAP therapy on leptin and IGF-1 concentrations in OSAS patients.
- To explore the association between weight gain, OSAS severity, CPAP adherence, and these endocrine factors.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 223 patients with suspected OSAS underwent baseline cardiorespiratory polygraphy, questionnaires, and blood sampling.
- 149 patients completed a 3-year follow-up, with plasma samples and CPAP adherence data available for 114 and 109 patients, respectively.
- Leptin and IGF-1 concentrations were measured at baseline and after 3 years, with regression analyses performed to identify influencing factors.
Main Results:
- After 3 years, leptin concentrations were significantly higher in CPAP users compared to non-users (30.2 ng/ml vs. 16.8 ng/ml).
- Leptin increase was independent of age, baseline BMI, or BMI change, but was significant in females (12.7 ng/ml increase) while CPAP opposed the natural decrease in males.
- Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels did not show significant differences between groups or over time.
Conclusions:
- Long-term CPAP therapy is associated with increased leptin concentrations, particularly in female patients with OSAS.
- The findings suggest a sex-specific hormonal response to CPAP treatment that warrants further investigation regarding its impact on energy balance and weight management.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
02:27Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Concentration
65.4K
A system at equilibrium is in a state of dynamic balance, with forward and reverse reactions taking place at equal rates. If an equilibrium system is subjected to a change in conditions that affects these reaction rates differently (a stress), then the rates are no longer equal and the system is not at equilibrium. The system will subsequently experience a net reaction in the direction of a greater rate (a shift) that will re-establish the equilibrium. This phenomenon is summarized by Le...
65.4K
01:30Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
274
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
274
02:05Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations
52.8K
Being able to calculate equilibrium concentrations is essential to many areas of science and technology—for example, in the formulation and dosing of pharmaceutical products. After a drug is ingested or injected, it is typically involved in several chemical equilibria that affect its ultimate concentration in the body system of interest. Knowledge of the quantitative aspects of these equilibria is required to compute a dosage amount that will solicit the desired therapeutic effect.
A more...
A more...
52.8K
02:41Concentration Cells
25.6K
A concentration cell is a type of a voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
Consider the following voltaic cell:
Consider the following voltaic cell:
25.6K
01:05Long-term Depression
33.2K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
33.2K
02:19Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Temperature
35.1K
Consistent with the law of mass action, an equilibrium stressed by a change in concentration will shift to re-establish equilibrium without any change in the value of the equilibrium constant, K. When an equilibrium shifts in response to a temperature change, however, it is re-established with a different relative composition that exhibits a different value for the equilibrium constant.
To understand this phenomenon, consider the elementary reaction:
To understand this phenomenon, consider the elementary reaction:
35.1K