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Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis: Pharmacotherapy for the Elderly.

Erminia Ridolo1, P Kihlgren2, I Pellicelli2

  • 1Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci n.14, 43126, Parma, Italy. erminia.ridolo@unipr.it.

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Atopic keratoconjunctivitis, an allergic eye condition, affects young adults and the elderly, often presenting with itching and burning. Diagnosis is clinical, with treatments focusing on symptom control and preventing vision loss.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Allergology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) is a distinct form of allergic conjunctivitis with specific demographic patterns.
  • Its prevalence is underestimated due to co-occurring allergic conditions.
  • Pathogenesis involves mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and T cells, with a notable T-helper-1 prominence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of atopic keratoconjunctivitis.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic strategies for AKC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of atopic keratoconjunctivitis characteristics.
  • Analysis of diagnostic approaches and treatment options.

Main Results:

  • AKC typically begins in late adolescence/early adulthood, affects males more, and can impact the elderly.
  • Symptoms include bilateral itching, burning, tearing, photophobia, and blurred vision.
  • Diagnosis is primarily clinical; treatment involves topical and systemic medications to manage symptoms and prevent exacerbations.

Conclusions:

  • Atopic keratoconjunctivitis requires careful clinical diagnosis and management.
  • Treatment aims to control symptoms, reduce relapses, and preserve vision.
  • Special consideration is needed for elderly patients with comorbidities.