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Dairy intensification: Drivers, impacts and alternatives.

Nathan Clay1, Tara Garnett2, Jamie Lorimer3

  • 1School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK. nathan.clay@zoo.ox.ac.uk.

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Dairy intensification increases productivity but raises environmental and social concerns. Addressing these requires considering broader changes and evaluating metrics for equitable, sustainable food systems.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Socioeconomics

Background:

  • Dairy production has intensified globally, leading to larger farms and concentrated ownership.
  • This intensification increases economic gains but also creates social and environmental costs.
  • Key concerns include environmental impact, animal welfare, socioeconomic well-being, and human health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the drivers and impacts of dairy intensification.
  • To critically assess frameworks like sustainable intensification, multifunctionality, and agroecology.
  • To propose research and policy approaches for managing trade-offs in dairy systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of dairy intensification drivers and impacts.
  • Critical assessment of proposed solutions (sustainable intensification, multifunctionality, agroecology).
  • Analysis of social and environmental dimensions of dairy production.

Main Results:

  • Identified four major concerns: environment, animal welfare, socioeconomic well-being, and human health.
  • Evaluated three frameworks for their potential to address these concerns.
  • Highlighted the need to consider broader social-environmental change and metric impacts.

Conclusions:

  • Dairy intensification presents complex challenges requiring integrated solutions.
  • Existing frameworks offer potential but need refinement to address trade-offs.
  • Future research and policy should focus on equitable, ethical, and sustainable food system transformations.