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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
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Isolation and Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells HSCs
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Stem cell transplantation for ischemic stroke.

Giorgio Battista Boncoraglio1, Michela Ranieri, Anna Bersano

  • 1Department of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Via Celoria 11, Milano, Italy, 20133.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|May 6, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stem cell transplantation may improve neurological impairment in ischemic stroke patients, but evidence is limited. Further high-quality research is essential to confirm benefits and safety in stroke recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Stroke is a major cause of death and disability globally, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Preclinical research suggests stem cell transplantation can improve functional outcomes after brain injury.
  • Existing evidence for stem cell therapy in human ischemic stroke remains insufficient.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of stem cell transplantation versus control in individuals with ischemic stroke.
  • To update the existing Cochrane review on stem cell transplantation for ischemic stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Searched multiple databases (Cochrane, MEDLINE, Embase, BIOSIS) up to August 2018.
  • Included RCTs of any stem cell type, administration route, or stroke phase, with efficacy assessed by neurological impairment and functional outcome scales.

Main Results:

  • Seven RCTs with 401 participants were included, all using adult human non-neural stem cells.
  • Stem cell transplantation showed a potential benefit in reducing neurological impairment (NIHSS), but not functional outcomes (mRS, BI).
  • No significant safety concerns, such as increased mortality, were identified, though evidence certainty was low to very low due to small trial sizes and high risk of bias.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell transplantation may offer some benefit in reducing neurological deficits post-ischemic stroke.
  • Current evidence is limited by small sample sizes and high risk of bias in included studies.
  • Well-designed, large-scale randomized controlled trials are required to definitively establish the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke.