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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

A CFSE-based Assay to Study the Migration of Murine Skin Dendritic Cells into Draining Lymph Nodes During Infection with Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin
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A CFSE-based Assay to Study the Migration of Murine Skin Dendritic Cells into Draining Lymph Nodes During Infection with Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin

Published on: October 9, 2016

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Current challenges and opportunities for bacillus Calmette-Guérin replacement vaccine candidates

Patricia Méndez-Samperio1

  • 1Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Mexico, Mexico.

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology
|May 6, 2019
PubMed

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the only licensed vaccine against human tuberculosis (TB). BCG is a live-attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, with limitations in efficacy against respiratory TB, the most common form of the disease responsible for transmission. However, continues to be used in the immunization programmes of different countries in the absence of another alternative. In order to improve BCG efficacy against pulmonary TB, in the current clinical TB vaccine pipeline, there are live-attenuated TB vaccines to replace BCG. This review discusses the current status of the development of live vaccine candidates designed to replace BCG from the rational strategies and immunological challenges to its clinical trial and identify key areas in the next years considered essential to confer improved safety and efficacy over BCG.

Keywords:
bacillus Calmette-Guérinimmune responseinfectiontuberculosisvaccines

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