Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Vertebral Column01:27

Muscles of the Vertebral Column

3.1K
The back muscles that lie deep into the thoracolumbar fascia are called intrinsic or true back muscles. These muscles are divided into four layers: superficial, intermediate, deep, and deepest layers.
Superficial Layer:
The superficial layer consists primarily of the splenius muscles, which include the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis. These muscles are mainly responsible for the head and cervical spine movements, including extension, rotation, and lateral bending. The splenius capitis...
3.1K
Types Of Column Chromatography01:29

Types Of Column Chromatography

13.3K
The stability and compatibility of column material with samples are crucial for efficient purification in chromatographic techniques. Various operating parameters such as pH, temperature, or solvent affect the packing of the column material, thereby determining the purification efficiency. The choice of column material also plays an essential role in deciding the operating parameters and can be modified based on the proteins that need to be purified.
Gel Filtration Chromatography
When the...
13.3K
Diffusion on Chromatography Columns01:07

Diffusion on Chromatography Columns

1.2K
In column chromatography, when an analyte is introduced as a narrow band at the top of the column, the solutes begin to separate and broaden, developing a Gaussian profile. This broadening occurs due to various factors, such as longitudinal diffusion.
Longitudinal diffusion occurs when the solute molecules in the mobile phase diffuse from the more concentrated center of the chromatographic band to the more dilute regions on either side, both towards and against the flow direction. This...
1.2K
Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

Principles Of Column Chromatography

8.6K
The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...
8.6K
Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

Articulations of the Vertebral Column

3.0K
In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
3.0K
Euler's Formula for Pin-Ended Columns01:21

Euler's Formula for Pin-Ended Columns

699
In structural engineering, the stability of columns under compressive axial loads is a critical consideration, described as buckling. A typical example involves a column PQ, which is pin-connected at both ends and subjected to a centric axial load F applied at one end, with a reaction force of F' = -F at the other end. Here, it is crucial to understand that when an applied load exceeds the critical load, buckling occurs as the system becomes unstable.
To calculate the critical load, envision...
699

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ultrasound-Based Techniques for Visualization of Dermal Microvasculature: A Scoping Review.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Intermittent Neuromorphic Wearable Systems.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025
Same author

Human lymph node microvascular imaging using a fast contrast-free super-resolution ultrasound technique.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Analysing the Renal Vasculature Using Super-Resolution Ultrasound Imaging: Considerations for Clinical and Research Applications.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

The Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rat as a Model for Vascular Changes in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Characterising Hydronephrosis.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Real-Time Full-Volume Row-Column Imaging.

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control·2025
Same journal

Theoretical Foundations of the Echo Envelope Statistical Modeling: A Tutorial.

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control·2025
Same journal

Practical Demonstrations of FR3-Band Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Acoustic Filter Design.

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control·2025
Same journal

Real-Time Heterogeneous Helical Wave Spectrum Method for Transabdominal Passive Acoustic Mapping.

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control·2025
Same journal

Cascaded Plane Wave Ultrasound Velocity Vector Imaging: In Vivo Feasibility in Carotid Arteries.

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control·2025
Same journal

Quantitative Acoustic Attenuation Scanning Using a Phase-Insensitive Ultrasound Computed Tomography System.

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control·2025
Same journal

FPGA-Accelerated CNN Reconstruction for Low-Power Sparse-Array Ultrasound Imaging.

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns
06:25

Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns

Published on: April 26, 2016

15.8K

Imaging Performance for Two Row-Column Arrays.

Hamed Bouzari, Mathias Engholm, Svetoslav Ivanov Nikolov

    IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
    |May 7, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study compares capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) and piezoelectric transducer (PZT) 2-D array probes for volumetric ultrasound imaging. PZT probes offer superior cystic resolution and contrast, while CMUT probes provide better axial resolution, with both showing potential for advanced 3-D imaging.

    More Related Videos

    Simple In-House Ultra-High Performance Capillary Column Manufacturing with the FlashPack Approach
    13:36

    Simple In-House Ultra-High Performance Capillary Column Manufacturing with the FlashPack Approach

    Published on: December 4, 2021

    4.5K
    Author Spotlight: Introducing the Tile/SED/Array Interface for Rapid Field of View Positioning in Tissue Imaging
    06:15

    Author Spotlight: Introducing the Tile/SED/Array Interface for Rapid Field of View Positioning in Tissue Imaging

    Published on: September 15, 2023

    859

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

    Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns
    06:25

    Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns

    Published on: April 26, 2016

    15.8K
    Simple In-House Ultra-High Performance Capillary Column Manufacturing with the FlashPack Approach
    13:36

    Simple In-House Ultra-High Performance Capillary Column Manufacturing with the FlashPack Approach

    Published on: December 4, 2021

    4.5K
    Author Spotlight: Introducing the Tile/SED/Array Interface for Rapid Field of View Positioning in Tissue Imaging
    06:15

    Author Spotlight: Introducing the Tile/SED/Array Interface for Rapid Field of View Positioning in Tissue Imaging

    Published on: September 15, 2023

    859

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Ultrasound Technology

    Background:

    • Volumetric ultrasound imaging is crucial for advanced diagnostics.
    • Row-column-addressed (RCA) 2-D arrays offer potential advantages over fully addressed arrays.
    • Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) and piezoelectric transducer (PZT) technologies are key for probe fabrication.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate and compare the volumetric imaging performance of prototyped CMUT and PZT RCA 2-D array transducer probes.
    • To assess the impact of different synthetic aperture imaging (SAI) sequences and beamformers on imaging quality.
    • To investigate the potential of RCA 2-D arrays for high-volume rate 3-D ultrasound.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized two 62+62 RCA 2-D array probes (CMUT and PZT) with similar acoustic features (3-MHz center frequency, λ/2 pitch).
    • Employed three SAI emission sequences and two beamformers (spatial matched filtering, row-column adapted delay-and-sum) with the SARUS research ultrasound scanner.
    • Conducted imaging quality assessments through simulations and phantom measurements, analyzing lateral and axial resolution, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and penetration depth.

    Main Results:

    • Both probes achieved similar lateral resolution (FWHM).
    • The PZT probe demonstrated 20% better cystic resolution and 70% higher CNR than the CMUT probe.
    • The CMUT probe achieved 17% better axial resolution (FWHM) and penetrated to 15 cm, while the PZT probe penetrated to 30 cm.
    • Matched filter focusing improved B-mode imaging, enhancing speckle patterns and deep cyst visualization.

    Conclusions:

    • RCA 2-D arrays show significant potential for 3-D ultrasound, offering low channel counts, reduced acoustic intensity, and high penetration depth.
    • The PZT probe excels in resolution and contrast, while the CMUT probe offers superior axial resolution and comparable performance.
    • These findings suggest RCA 2-D arrays can enable high-volume rate 3-D imaging at costs comparable to conventional 2-D systems.