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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Hypertension V: Nursing Management01:23

Hypertension V: Nursing Management

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The nursing management of hypertension involves accurately assessing symptoms, making a comprehensive nursing diagnosis, collaborating with patients to set goals, and implementing targeted interventions to mitigate the condition's impact and improve patient well-being.Comprehensive AssessmentThe initial step in nursing care for hypertension involves a thorough patient assessment. It includes evaluating symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, and previous hypertension episodes.
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Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

602
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

486
Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

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Benign Intracranial Hypertension -Is it Really Benign Always?

Anita Ganger1, Narahari Kishore Kumar, Praveen Kumar

  • 1Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.

Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology : a Biannual Peer-Reviewed Academic Journal of the Nepal Ophthalmic Society : NEPJOPH
|May 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in children is rare and often delayed in diagnosis. Prompt treatment with lumboperitoneal shunting can improve vision and relieve symptoms in adolescent girls.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is uncommon in children, with variable symptoms leading to diagnostic delays.
  • Subtle visual changes in pre-pubertal children can be missed, risking permanent vision loss.
  • Headache, vomiting, visual impairment, neck pain, and diplopia are common presenting symptoms.

Observation:

  • Two adolescent girls with IIH presented with papilledema, headache, and severe visual loss.
  • These patients were unresponsive to medical management.
  • Lumboperitoneal shunting was performed as a surgical intervention.

Findings:

  • Lumboperitoneal shunting resulted in favorable outcomes for both patients.
  • Improved visual acuity was observed post-procedure.
  • Symptomatic relief, including headache reduction, was achieved.

Implications:

  • Enhanced awareness and prompt diagnosis of IIH in children are crucial.
  • Early treatment is essential to prevent irreversible visual damage.
  • Surgical intervention, such as lumboperitoneal shunting, is vital for medically unresponsive cases.