[Two decades of experience in endovascular treatment of varicocele in pediatric age]

To present our experience of 23 years in the treatment of varicocele by embolization in pediatric age.

Observational descriptive study of all patients with varicocele treated by embolization after phlebography, by indication of the pediatric surgery service between 1995 and 2017. We performed descriptive statistical analysis and comparison between pain and testicular asymmetry before and after treatment (SPSSv22).

Embolization was performed in 113 patients with left varicocele. The mean age of diagnosis was 12.4 years (5.2-15.5). The main clinical manifestations were: incidental finding (46.7%), increase in scrotal volume (28%) and testicular pain (15.9%). 61.5% were grade 3 and 38.5% grade 2. The selective embolization procedure was performed at an average age of 13.6 years (8-18). There were no serious complications of the procedure or reactive hydrocele. The overall success rate of endovascular treatment was 93.8%. In 85 patients (75.2%) a single procedure was performed and in 21, two procedures (18.6%). Only 4 patients required surgical intervention. The pain disappeared in all cases in which it presented and the testicular asymmetry decreased from 44.7% pre-treatment to 21.2% post-treatment (p<0.05).

Endovascular treatment through embolization allows a selective varicocele management, after venous mapping, with an adequate effectiveness, without altering the arterial flow of the testicle or producing hydrocele. It is a minimally invasive treatment that could be considered the first choice in varicoceles of children and adolescents.