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Concentration Cells

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A concentration cell is a type of a voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
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Concentration and Rate Law

Concentration and Rate Law

The rate of a reaction is affected by the concentrations of reactants. Rate laws (differential rate laws) or rate equations are mathematical expressions describing the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants.
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Solution Concentration and Dilution

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The relative amount of a given solution component is known as its concentration. Often, though not always, a solution contains one component with a concentration that is significantly greater than that of all other components. This component is called the solvent and may be viewed as the medium in which the other components are dispersed or dissolved. Solutions in which water is the solvent are, of course, very common on our planet. A solution in which water is the solvent is called an aqueous...

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Stress Concentrations

The concept of stress concentration is crucial for understanding how materials respond under bending stresses, particularly when there are irregularities or discontinuities in the material's geometry. Normally, stress in a symmetric member subjected to pure bending is assumed to be uniformly distributed across the entire cross-section. However, this assumption does not hold when there are variations in the cross-sectional geometry or the presence of notches and holes.
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Stress concentration is when stress intensifies near discontinuities such as holes or abrupt cross-sectional changes in a structural member. This localized stress can often surpass the average stress within the member. The stress distribution in flat bars, either with a circular hole or varying widths connected by fillets, can be determined experimentally using a photoelastic method. The results are based on ratios of geometric parameters like the ratio of the hole's radius to the smaller...

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A Microfluidic Device for Quantifying Bacterial Chemotaxis in Stable Concentration Gradients

A Microfluidic Device for Quantifying Bacterial Chemotaxis in Stable Concentration Gradients

Published on: April 19, 2010

Macrofluidic Device for Preparative Concentration Based on Epitachophoresis.

František Foret^1,2, Vladimíra Datinská^1,3, Ivona Voráčová¹

¹Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Analytical Chemistry , Brno 61142 , Czech Republic.

Analytical Chemistry

|May 7, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel circular separation device, Epitachophoresis, concentrates ions and DNA fragments from milliliters to microliters. This electrophoretic method utilizes acceleration towards the center for efficient sample concentration.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Biotechnology
Biochemistry

Background:

Conventional separation platforms often face limitations in sample volume and concentration efficiency.
There is a need for innovative devices capable of concentrating analytes from larger volumes into smaller fractions for downstream analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize a novel circular separation device for concentrating ions and DNA fragments.
To demonstrate the preparative concentration capabilities of the device for DNA samples.

Main Methods:

Development of a circular electrophoresis device with radial migration from perimeter to center.
Utilizing a discontinuous electrolyte system with agarose gel to stabilize the boundary.
Application of Epitachophoresis for concentrating small organic anions and DNA fragments.

Main Results:

The device successfully concentrates milliliter sample volumes down to microliter fractions.
Demonstrated preparative concentration of DNA using a DNA ladder.
Observed accelerated zone migration towards the center, validating the 'Epitachophoresis' concept.

Conclusions:

The developed circular separation device offers a unique architecture for efficient sample concentration.
Epitachophoresis provides a promising method for preparative concentration of biomolecules like DNA.
This technology has the potential to enhance various analytical and preparative applications.