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Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Iridium Oxide-reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid Thin Film Modified Screen-printed Electrodes as Disposable Electrochemical Paper Microfluidic pH Sensors
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Phase-selective graphene oxide membranes for advanced microfluidic flow control.

Jennifer Gaughran1, David Boyle1,2, James Murphy1

  • 1School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.

Microsystems & Nanoengineering
|May 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Chip-integrated graphene oxide (GO) membranes offer new phase-selective flow control for microfluidic devices. These novel membranes effectively manage fluid and gas flow in centrifugal microfluidic systems.

Keywords:
centrifugal microfluidicsflow controlgraphene oxide membranessolvent selectivity

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Microfluidics
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Centrifugal microfluidic platforms enable complex fluid handling but require precise flow control.
  • Graphene oxide (GO) membranes exhibit unique properties, including phase selectivity, that are underexplored in microfluidic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate chip-based graphene oxide (GO) membranes into centrifugal microfluidic platforms.
  • To leverage the phase-selective properties of GO membranes for enhanced flow control.
  • To demonstrate the capability of multilayer GO membranes to selectively permit water passage while blocking air and organic solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of novel processes for assembling graphene oxide (GO) membranes within polymeric microfluidic systems.
  • Characterization of the phase-selective behavior of the assembled GO membranes under varying fluid and gas conditions.
  • Testing the performance of GO membrane-integrated centrifugal microfluidic platforms for selective fluid transport.

Main Results:

  • Successful integration of chip-based graphene oxide (GO) membranes into centrifugal microfluidic devices.
  • Demonstration of significant enhancement in flow control due to the phase-selectivity of GO membranes.
  • Multilayer GO membranes effectively allowed water passage while preventing the flow of pressurized air and organic solvents.

Conclusions:

  • Chip-integrated graphene oxide (GO) membranes represent a novel approach to achieving precise phase-selective flow control in centrifugal microfluidics.
  • The developed assembly processes enable the incorporation of GO membranes into microfluidic systems, opening new avenues for advanced fluid manipulation.
  • This technology holds promise for applications requiring selective fluid separation and controlled fluidic operations on microfluidic platforms.