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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Cavity Drainage and Flashings in Masonry walls01:20

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Typically, a cavity wall consists of two wythes separated by a gap of at least 2 inches, which may contain insulation while still maintaining a minimum clear space of 1 inch to facilitate adequate drainage. Advanced methods like the insertion of a continuous drainage mat can further reduce this space while ensuring effective moisture expulsion.
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Mnemonic devices are cognitive tools that facilitate memory retention by linking new information to familiar patterns or organizational strategies. These techniques are beneficial for remembering complex or lengthy sets of information by simplifying and structuring them in easily retrievable ways.
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Non-ohmic Devices00:51

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In most substances, the current flow is proportional to the voltage applied to it. A simple relationship between the values of current, voltage, and resistance is known as Ohm's law. Nonohmic devices do not exhibit a linear relationship between voltage and current. One such device is the semiconducting circuit element known as a diode. A diode is a circuit device that allows current flow in only one direction.
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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty in Eyes with Glaucoma
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Towards smart self-clearing glaucoma drainage device.

Hyunsu Park1, Amir Hossein Raffiee2, Simon W M John3

  • 11Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.

Microsystems & Nanoengineering
|May 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glaucoma drainage devices (GDD) can now self-clear obstructions using integrated magnetic microactuators. This innovation prevents biofouling buildup, potentially avoiding repeat surgeries for glaucoma patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Ophthalmology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Glaucoma drainage devices (GDD) manage intraocular pressure but are prone to biofouling obstructions.
  • Biofouling necessitates repeat surgeries, increasing patient risk and healthcare costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a self-clearing GDD using integrated magnetic microactuators.
  • To demonstrate the potential of magnetic microactuators to mechanically remove biofouling from GDD channels.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of magnetic microactuators using low-cost maskless photolithography.
  • Evaluation of device mechanics and fluid-structure interaction via numerical analysis.
  • Assessment of anti-biofouling performance using proteinaceous film models.

Main Results:

  • Magnetic microactuators were successfully fabricated and characterized for mechanical properties.
  • Numerical analysis quantified shear forces generated by microactuators for effective biofouling removal.
  • In vitro tests demonstrated effective removal of proteinaceous films from microchannels.

Conclusions:

  • Proof-of-concept for smart self-clearing GDD achieved through integrated magnetic microactuators.
  • Magnetic microactuators offer a promising solution to overcome GDD biofouling obstructions.
  • This technology may reduce the need for surgical interventions in glaucoma management.