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Psychometrics of the Functional Oral Intake Scale for Infants

You Gyoung Yi1,2, Hyung-Ik Shin2

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|May 7, 2019
PubMed

Insights

The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) for infants demonstrates high reliability and validity. It accurately assesses infant feeding, with oral caloric intake predicting progression to full oral feeding.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Assessing infant oral feeding is crucial for development.
  • The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) is used for adults, but its infant version needs validation.
  • Videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) provides objective swallowing data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the reliability and validity of the five-point Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) for infants.
  • To correlate FOIS scores with videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) findings, including aspiration.
  • To investigate factors influencing the transition from partial to full oral feeding in infants.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 201 infants (<1 year) undergoing VFSS.
  • Two independent raters assessed infant nutrition records using the five-point FOIS.
  • Correlation of FOIS scores with VFSS swallowing and aspiration data; analysis of feeding outcomes over 1 year for 33 infants.

Main Results:

  • High inter-rater reliability for the infant FOIS (95.5% agreement).
  • FOIS scores significantly correlated with aspiration severity from VFSS.
  • Infants with higher initial oral caloric intake were more likely to achieve full oral feeding within a year.

Conclusions:

  • The five-point FOIS for infants is a reliable and valid tool for assessing oral feeding.
  • FOIS adequately reflects oral diet progression with growth.
  • Oral feeding caloric contribution and consistency can differentiate partial oral feeding levels (FOIS 2-3).

Keywords:
eating abilitiesfunctional oral intake scaleinfantnutritionoral feedingvideofluoroscopic swallowing study

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