Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Role of Shaping in Operant Conditioning01:19

Role of Shaping in Operant Conditioning

987
Shaping is a technique used in operant conditioning to train complex behaviors by rewarding successive approximations toward the target behavior. This method is necessary because organisms are unlikely to perform complex behaviors spontaneously. Instead, shaping breaks down the desired behavior into small, manageable steps.
The steps involved in shaping begin with reinforcing any response that resembles the desired behavior. For example, parents might praise a child for picking up one toy. As...
987
Stream Function01:20

Stream Function

2.1K
In two-dimensional incompressible fluid flow, the continuity equation is essential for ensuring mass conservation, meaning that any change in fluid entering or exiting a region is balanced by a corresponding change elsewhere. For incompressible flow, where density remains constant, this requirement simplifies to the condition that the divergence of the velocity field must be zero. Mathematically, this is expressed as,
2.1K
Capillary Beds01:20

Capillary Beds

6.7K
Capillary beds are networks of tiny blood vessels that play a crucial role in the circulatory system. These beds are where the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products occurs between the blood and surrounding tissues. Each capillary bed consists of numerous capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels in the body, typically only one cell-thick. This thinness allows for the efficient diffusion of substances.
Capillaries connect arterioles, small branches of arteries, to venules,...
6.7K
Acid Strength and Molecular Structure03:05

Acid Strength and Molecular Structure

32.9K
Binary Acids and Bases
In the absence of any leveling effect, the acid strength of binary compounds of hydrogen with nonmetals (A) increases as the H-A bond strength decreases down a group in the periodic table. For group 17, the order of increasing acidity is HF < HCl < HBr < HI. Likewise, for group 16, the order of increasing acid strength is H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te. Across a row in the periodic table, the acid strength of binary hydrogen compounds increases with increasing...
32.9K
Strength of Cement01:20

Strength of Cement

482
Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
482
Molecular Shape and Polarity03:37

Molecular Shape and Polarity

74.9K
Dipole Moment of a Molecule
74.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Exploration of the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Heart Failure.

Reviews in cardiovascular medicine·2026
Same author

Evidence for Eocene aridification of the Atacama Desert's hyperarid core.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Changes in blood pressure following transcatheter aortic valve implantation: predictors and association with prognosis.

Journal of hypertension·2026
Same author

Ocean driven retreat of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream following the Last Glacial Maximum.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Exercise Training in Heart Failure: Current Evidence and Future Directions.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025
Same author

Rotational Atherectomy Followed by Modified (Cutting or Scoring) Balloon Versus Plain Balloon Before Drug‑Eluting Stent Implantation for Calcified Coronary Lesions: A Meta-Analysis.

Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device
14:48

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device

Published on: April 17, 2021

4.5K

Ice-stream demise dynamically conditioned by trough shape and bed strength.

Tom Bradwell1,2, David Small3, Derek Fabel4

  • 1Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.

Science Advances
|May 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glacial ice stream retreat was significantly influenced by bed strength and trough shape, not just external factors. A transition from weak to strong beds around 18,500 years ago triggered rapid ice-stream demise.

More Related Videos

Image-based Lagrangian Particle Tracking in Bed-load Experiments
10:32

Image-based Lagrangian Particle Tracking in Bed-load Experiments

Published on: July 20, 2017

9.4K
Identification of Plant Ice-binding Proteins Through Assessment of Ice-recrystallization Inhibition and Isolation Using Ice-affinity Purification
09:43

Identification of Plant Ice-binding Proteins Through Assessment of Ice-recrystallization Inhibition and Isolation Using Ice-affinity Purification

Published on: May 5, 2017

9.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device
14:48

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device

Published on: April 17, 2021

4.5K
Image-based Lagrangian Particle Tracking in Bed-load Experiments
10:32

Image-based Lagrangian Particle Tracking in Bed-load Experiments

Published on: July 20, 2017

9.4K
Identification of Plant Ice-binding Proteins Through Assessment of Ice-recrystallization Inhibition and Isolation Using Ice-affinity Purification
09:43

Identification of Plant Ice-binding Proteins Through Assessment of Ice-recrystallization Inhibition and Isolation Using Ice-affinity Purification

Published on: May 5, 2017

9.1K

Area of Science:

  • * Glaciology and Paleoclimatology
  • * Ice Sheet Dynamics

Background:

  • * Ice sheet mass loss is primarily driven by fast-flowing glaciers (ice streams) that terminate in the ocean.
  • * Understanding long-term ice-stream flow, retreat, and the influence of bed topography and strength is crucial for predicting future ice loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To reconstruct the retreat history and grounding-line movements of a former ice stream over the past 15,000 years.
  • * To investigate the role of geological factors, specifically bed shape and substrate, in controlling ice-stream behavior.

Main Methods:

  • * Analysis of a former ice stream with known or definable trough geometry and bed substrate.
  • * Reconstruction of ice-stream retreat and grounding-line migration since the Last Glacial Maximum.

Main Results:

  • * A significant behavioral shift in ice-stream retreat occurred between 18,500 and 16,000 years ago.
  • * This shift, independent of external forcing, correlated with the collapse of floating ice sectors and rapid ice-front retreat.
  • * The event was linked to a geological transition from a soft/weak bed to a hard/strong bed, coupled with changes in trough geometry.

Conclusions:

  • * Geological factors, including bed strength and trough shape, played a critical role in the demise of the studied ice stream.
  • * These factors conditioned and accelerated ice-stream retreat, highlighting their importance in past and potentially future ice sheet behavior.