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Related Concept Videos

Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

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In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
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Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending01:18

Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending

485
When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
When the member is segmented into tiny cubic elements, it is observed that the primary stress...
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Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

457
When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
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Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

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One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
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Modified Drop Tower Impact Tests for American Football Helmets
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Molding Helmet Therapy for Deformational Brachycephaly.

Rami R Hallac1,2, Tochi Ajiwe1, Maleeh Effendi1

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|May 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Molding helmet therapy significantly improves infant head shape in deformational brachycephaly. Most head shape correction occurs within the first 2.5 months of treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Cranial Orthotics
  • 3D Imaging Analysis

Background:

  • Deformational brachycephaly (DB) in infants is commonly treated with molding helmet therapy.
  • Current outcome assessments often lack rigorous 3D imaging and longitudinal data.
  • This study addresses the need for objective, 3D-based evaluation of helmet therapy effectiveness and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the outcomes of molding helmet therapy for DB using 3D surface imaging.
  • To longitudinally track head shape improvement throughout the treatment course.
  • To quantify the rate of head shape correction during therapy.

Main Methods:

  • 18 infants with DB underwent 3D head scanning at pre-treatment, mid-treatment, and post-treatment intervals.
  • Shape analysis techniques were used to create composite average head shapes at each time point.
  • 3D curvature analysis quantified head shape flatness, particularly in the occipital region.

Main Results:

  • Helmet therapy, initiated around 6.7 months of age, lasted an average of 4.3 months.
  • Significant overall improvement in occipital contour was observed (6.3 mm difference from pre- to post-treatment).
  • Marked head flatness decreased from 15% pre-treatment to 7% post-treatment, with notable improvement by 2.5 months.

Conclusions:

  • Molding helmet therapy is an effective treatment for deformational brachycephaly.
  • Over 65% of head shape improvement is achieved within the initial 2.5 months of therapy.
  • 3D imaging provides objective and detailed assessment of treatment efficacy and progression.