Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

90.0K
Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
A mixture is composed of two or...
90.0K
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

7.3K
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
7.3K
Composition of Blood01:22

Composition of Blood

11.7K
The blood in our bodies comprises three major components: blood plasma, formed elements, and the extracellular matrix. Blood plasma is a yellowish fluid that constitutes 55% of the total blood volume. It is primarily made up of water and essential substances such as electrolytes and proteins. Blood plasma serves as a medium for transporting blood cells and also contains nutrients, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and gases.
Formed elements constitute the remaining 45% of the blood volume. These...
11.7K
Composite Bodies00:55

Composite Bodies

1.4K
A composite body is a body made up of multiple parts, connected to form a larger, unified object. Each part has its own weight and center of gravity, which must be considered to determine the center of gravity of the composite body. In cases where the density or specific weight is constant, the center of gravity coincides with the centroid.
Composite bodies have widespread applications in mechanical engineering, from automobiles to aircraft to rockets. For example, an automobile wheel comprises...
1.4K
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

4.7K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
4.7K
Composition of Body Fluids01:29

Composition of Body Fluids

2.4K
Water functions as a solvent accommodating various solutes, which can be categorized under electrolytes and non-electrolytes. Non-electrolytes are usually held together by covalent bonds, restricting them from dissociating in solution, thereby leading to a lack of electrically charged components upon dissolving in water. They are predominantly organic molecules, such as glucose, creatinine, and urea. Electrolytes, on the other hand, are compounds that can break down into ions in water.
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Genome-Wide Identification of the GST Gene Family and Functional Characterization of <i>PsGSTF8</i> in Anthocyanin Accumulation in Chinese Plum Fruit (<i>Prunus salicina</i>).

Biology·2026
Same author

GAHIB: graph attention VAE with a hyperbolic information bottleneck for biologically structured single-cell representations.

Frontiers in genetics·2026
Same author

Diagnostic pitfalls and molecular insights in a rare RUNX1::TACC1-positive AML with t(8;21)(p11;q22).

Journal of hematopathology·2026
Same author

scCCVGBen for benchmarking of single-cell representation learning anchored on a centroid-coupled variational graph attention autoencoder across scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq.

Frontiers in genetics·2026
Same author

LAIOR: a hyperbolic neural ODE variational framework for interpretable single-cell manifold learning and trajectory inference.

Frontiers in genetics·2026
Same author

Cyclic neuronostatin regulates glucose homeostasis and food intake through GPR107 phosphorylation.

Neuropharmacology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Manufacturing of a Nafion-coated, Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Chemiresistive Sensor to Monitor pH in Real-time During Microbial Fermentation
11:18

Manufacturing of a Nafion-coated, Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Chemiresistive Sensor to Monitor pH in Real-time During Microbial Fermentation

Published on: January 7, 2019

8.9K

Recent Progress on Graphene/Polyaniline Composites for High-performance Supercapacitors.

Xiaodong Hong1, Jiawei Fu2, Yue Liu3

  • 1College of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China. hongxiaodong@lntu.edu.cn.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This review details the synthesis and supercapacitor applications of polyaniline (PANI) and graphene/PANI composites. It highlights strategies for developing high-performance electrodes from these advanced materials.

Keywords:
composite electrodeselectrochemical performancegraphenepolyanilinesupercapacitors

More Related Videos

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies
10:23

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies

Published on: November 5, 2015

14.5K
Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System
12:00

Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System

Published on: January 7, 2022

14.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Manufacturing of a Nafion-coated, Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Chemiresistive Sensor to Monitor pH in Real-time During Microbial Fermentation
11:18

Manufacturing of a Nafion-coated, Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Chemiresistive Sensor to Monitor pH in Real-time During Microbial Fermentation

Published on: January 7, 2019

8.9K
Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies
10:23

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies

Published on: November 5, 2015

14.5K
Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System
12:00

Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System

Published on: January 7, 2022

14.6K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Electrode materials are critical for supercapacitor performance.
  • Graphene nanosheets offer high surface area and conductivity.
  • Polyaniline (PANI) provides high pseudocapacitance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in the synthesis of PANI and graphene/PANI composites.
  • To summarize their applications in supercapacitors.
  • To propose strategies for enhancing electrode performance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of synthesis methods for PANI.
  • Categorization of graphene/PANI composites into 2D and 3D structures.
  • Classification of 3D composites: flexible, framework-based, and printable.

Main Results:

  • Graphene/PANI composites are a research hotspot for supercapacitors.
  • Detailed overview of 2D (pristine and functionalized graphene) and 3D composite variations.
  • Identification of current challenges and future research directions.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of graphene and PANI offers significant potential for supercapacitor development.
  • Further research into synthesis strategies is needed to overcome existing challenges.
  • High-performance graphene/PANI composite electrodes are achievable through targeted approaches.