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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion
Published on: November 10, 2023
A 42-Year-Old Man With Shortness of Breath, Fever, and Pleural Effusions
Jessica K Millar1, Lauryn A Benninger2, Ying Li3
1College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Case Presentation:
A 42-year-old man with a history of progressive multiple myeloma and chronic kidney disease presented with worsening shortness of breath and fever. He was scheduled for a planned admission for chemotherapy on the day of presentation and had developed these symptoms the night before. He had also developed worsening fatigue but denied any new cough, sputum production, or abdominal pain. The patient had been previously admitted 3 weeks prior for neutropenic fever and colitis during his first cycle of chemotherapy.
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Pleural Effusion I: Introduction
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's...
Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
Breathing
Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion
Types of Fever
Here are the different types of fever:
Patterns of Fever

