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Author Spotlight: Advancing Coral Research by Exploring Climate Change Resistance, Ex Situ Aquaculture, and Reproduction Strategies
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Using naturally occurring climate resilient corals to construct bleaching-resistant nurseries.

Megan K Morikawa1, Stephen R Palumbi2

  • 1Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Selecting heat-tolerant corals for restoration is key for climate change resilience. Coral nurseries with heat-tolerant parents and simple proxies can improve coral survival during bleaching events.

Keywords:
American Samoableachingclimate changecoral resiliencerestoration

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Coral Reef Ecology
  • Climate Change Adaptation

Background:

  • Coral reef ecosystems are vital but threatened by climate change, particularly coral bleaching.
  • Identifying and utilizing climate-resilient corals is crucial for effective ecological restoration.
  • Coral heat tolerance can be influenced by environmental adjustments and symbiont interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess if parent coral heat tolerance is maintained in nursery settings.
  • To determine if simple proxies can predict successful coral colonies for restoration.
  • To evaluate the growth and survival rates of heat-tolerant corals in normal conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Established a coral nursery with 800 fragments from 80 colonies of four species exhibiting varied natural heat tolerance.
  • Exposed nursery stock to a natural bleaching event in American Samoa in 2015.
  • Analyzed bleaching severity, genetic diversity, and correlated tolerance with proxies like heat stress response, reef location, and microclimate.

Main Results:

  • Nursery stock from heat-tolerant parents exhibited 2-3 times less bleaching than those from less tolerant parents.
  • Heat-tolerant corals maintained higher genetic diversity post-bleaching.
  • Effective proxies for thermal tolerance included experimental heat stress, reef location, and microclimate; molecular biomarkers were species-specific.

Conclusions:

  • Selecting for host and symbiont resilience in coral nurseries enhances survival through bleaching events.
  • Simple, inexpensive proxies can effectively predict thermal tolerance for coral restoration across species.
  • Significant variation in bleaching response exists among coral clones within the same species.