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Related Concept Videos

Electric Potential and Potential Difference01:16

Electric Potential and Potential Difference

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Suppose a positive test charge moves away from a positive static charge, then the Coulomb force does positive work, and its electric potential energy decreases. The potential energy per unit charge is defined as the electric potential. The electric potential is independent of the test charge.
When a test charge moves from the initial to the final position, the electric potential difference between those positions is defined as the ratio of the change in the potential energy to the charge on the...
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Finding Electric Potential From Electric Field01:13

Finding Electric Potential From Electric Field

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For a system of charges, it is easy to calculate the system's potential because potential is a scalar quantity. However, in some instances where calculating the electric field is more straightforward than finding the potential, the electric field is used to calculate the system's potential. For a positive charge, the electric field is radially outward, and the potential is positive at any finite distance from the positive charge. In such an electric field, the motion away from the...
5.4K
Determining Electric Field From Electric Potential01:12

Determining Electric Field From Electric Potential

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The electric field and electric potential are related to each other. If the electric field at various points in the region of interest is known, it can be used to calculate the electric potential difference between any two points. Similarly, if the electric potential is known for various points, then it is possible to calculate the electric field.
In general, regardless of whether the electric field is uniform, it points in the direction of decreasing potential because the force on a positive...
4.9K
Calculations of Electric Potential I01:15

Calculations of Electric Potential I

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Consider a ring of radius R with a uniform charge density λ. What will the electric potential be at point M, which is located on the axis of the ring at a distance x from the center of the ring?
The ring is divided into infinitesimal small arcs such that point M is equidistant from all the arcs. Here, the cylindrical coordinate system is used to calculate the electric potential at point M. A general element of the arc between angles θ and θ + dθ is of the length Rdθ and has a charge of...
2.6K
Calculations of Electric Potential II01:27

Calculations of Electric Potential II

2.3K
An electric dipole is a system of two equal but opposite charges, separated by a fixed distance. This system is used to model many real-world systems, including atomic and molecular interactions. One of these systems is the water molecule, but only under certain circumstances. These circumstances are met inside a microwave oven, where electric fields with alternating directions make the water molecules change orientation. This vibration is equivalent to heat at the molecular level.
Consider a...
2.3K
Electric Potential Energy01:20

Electric Potential Energy

7.3K
When an electric field accelerates a free positive charge q, it is given kinetic energy. The process is analogous to an object accelerated by a gravitational field as if the charge were going down an electrical hill where its electric potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. Of course, the sources of the forces are very different. The work done on a charge q by the electric field in this process helps to develop a definition of electric potential energy.
The electrostatic or Coulomb...
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Determination of Zeta Potential via Nanoparticle Translocation Velocities through a Tunable Nanopore: Using DNA-modified Particles as an Example
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Dynamic microscale flow patterning using electrical modulation of zeta potential.

Federico Paratore1,2,3, Vesna Bacheva1, Govind V Kaigala4

  • 1IBM Research-Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel method for microscale fluid control using localized field-effect electroosmosis. This technique enables dynamic flow patterns without physical channels, offering new possibilities for on-chip applications.

Keywords:
Hele–Shaw cellelectrokineticselectroosmotic flowmicrofluidicsviscous flow

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Microfluidics
  • Electrokinetics

Background:

  • Microscale fluid manipulation is crucial for scientific advancements.
  • Current methods rely on fixed geometries, discrete channels, and mechanical valves, limiting dynamic control.
  • A need exists for adaptable and wall-less microfluidic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new mechanism for dynamic microscale fluid control.
  • To demonstrate fluid manipulation without physical walls using localized field-effect electroosmosis.
  • To explore novel flow patterns and real-time streamline modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing localized field-effect electroosmosis with AC voltage-controlled gate electrodes.
  • Synchronizing gate electrode actuation with an external electric field.
  • Generating non-uniform electroosmotic flow distributions to create pressure fields.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated unique flow patterns, including recirculating regions and complete stagnation zones.
  • Showcased real-time spatial modulation of streamlines by interacting gate electrodes with external flow.
  • Characterized system performance regarding time response and dielectric breakdown.

Conclusions:

  • Localized field-effect electroosmosis offers a versatile platform for dynamic microscale fluid control.
  • Solid-state actuation enables tailored microscale flows, paving the way for new on-chip functionalities.
  • Provided engineering guidelines for robust system design and operation.