[Analysis of Countermeasures against Chemical Terrorism]

As a countermeasure against terrorism involving highly toxic chemical warfare agents, the rapid identification of the causative toxic substances is extremely important. This symposium review describes analytical methods the author's group has developed for detecting nerve gases after either high level or low level exposure. As a method for assessing human exposure to high levels of nerve gases, a technology that detects nerve gas hydrolysis products, i.e., strong anion exchange extraction-tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatization-selectable one-dimensional or two-dimensional GC-MS, is explained. As a method for assessing human exposure to low levels of nerve gases, two technologies that detect adducts of nerve gas with blood cholinesterase, i.e., adduct purification-enzymatic digestion-LC/MS and fluoride-mediated regeneration-solid phase extraction-large volume introduction GC-MS, are explained.