Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 25, 2026
06:48
An Orthotopic Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis
Published on: September 18, 2013
35.8K
Systemic treatment for metastatic prostate cancer
1Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
Asian Journal of Urology
|May 8, 2019
Summary
Recent advancements have improved metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) survival. Optimal sequencing of new therapies like chemotherapy and hormonal agents is crucial for both castration-sensitive and castration-resistant stages.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Urology
Background:
- Metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) management has evolved significantly.
- New therapies offer survival benefits for castration-resistant PCa (CRPC).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the evolving treatment landscape for mPCa.
- To emphasize the importance of treatment sequencing for maximizing patient benefit.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent clinical trials and drug approvals in mPCa.
- Analysis of survival data for various treatment modalities.
Main Results:
- Chemotherapy (docetaxel, cabazitaxel), hormonal therapies (abiraterone, enzalutamide), Radium-223, and immunotherapy have improved survival in CRPC.
- Docetaxel added to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) improves survival in castration-sensitive mPCa, especially for high-volume disease.
- Abiraterone plus prednisone with ADT shows efficacy in high-risk, newly diagnosed castration-sensitive mPCa.
Conclusions:
- Strategic sequencing of novel therapies is vital for both castration-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer.
- Future research focuses on molecular subtypes and novel therapeutic targets for personalized mPCa treatment.
Related Concept Videos
02:56Treatment Resistant Cancers
3.7K
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.7K
01:18Second Order systems II
396
In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
396
01:21First Order Systems
412
First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
412
01:20Second Order systems I
581
A servo system exemplifies a second-order system, featuring a proportional controller and load elements that ensure the output position aligns with the input position. The relationship between these components is described by a second-order differential equation. Applying the Laplace transform under zero initial conditions yields the transfer function, showing how inputs are converted to outputs in the system.
By reinterpreting the system, one can derive the closed-loop transfer function, which...
By reinterpreting the system, one can derive the closed-loop transfer function, which...
581
01:26Classification of Systems-I
556
Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
556
01:31Classification of Systems-II
464
Continuous-time systems have continuous input and output signals, with time measured continuously. These systems are generally defined by differential or algebraic equations. For instance, in an RC circuit, the relationship between input and output voltage is expressed through a differential equation derived from Ohm's law and the capacitor relation,
464