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Measurement is an indispensable part of analytical chemistry. The result of measurement helps quantify a substance's physical property and compare it with the physical property of another substance. Each measurement comprises two components - a number indicating the magnitude and a unit of measurement as a standard for comparison. Further, the same quantity can be measured using different units of measurement, which leads to differences in magnitude.
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Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

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Cardiac CT: why, when, and how : Update 2019.

Anke Busse1, Daniel Cantré1, Ebba Beller1

  • 1Department of Diagnostic, Interventional, Neuro- and Pediatric Radiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany.

Der Radiologe
|May 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiac computed tomography (CT) advances safety and resolution, reducing radiation exposure. New techniques assess stenosis, guiding risk modification and valve procedures for better cardiovascular care.

Keywords:
CT coronary artery calcium scoringComputed tomographyComputed tomography angiographyCoronary artery diseaseIschemic heart disease

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Cardiac computed tomography (CT) has significantly evolved, enhancing robustness and safety.
  • Key advancements include improved spatial/temporal resolution and reduced radiation exposure via techniques like prospective ECG-triggering and iterative reconstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review established and emerging cardiac CT techniques and their clinical applications.
  • To emphasize new techniques, recent trials, and updated guidelines in cardiac CT.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established and emerging cardiac CT technologies.
  • Analysis of clinical applications, recent trials, and guidelines.
  • Focus on innovations like CT-derived fractional flow reserve and myocardial perfusion imaging.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac CT coronary artery calcium scoring aids risk assessment in asymptomatic patients.
  • Coronary CT angiography is effective for ruling out obstructive coronary artery disease in stable chest pain.
  • Cardiac CT is crucial for planning transcatheter aortic valve implantation and minimally invasive mitral valve procedures.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac CT offers practical recommendations for performance and structured reporting.
  • The review provides guidance on the appropriate use of cardiac CT in various clinical scenarios.