Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 25, 2026

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data
Published on: April 18, 2019
Validity and reliability of the Gout Impact Scale in a multi-ethnic Asian population
Weixian Lee1, Gim Gee Teng1,2, Joon Chong Kok2
1Division of Rheumatology, National University Health System, University Medicine Cluster, Singapore City, Singapore.
Objectives:
The emphasis on capturing patient-reported outcomes (PRO) is increasing, but gout-specific PRO are lacking. We evaluated the reliability and validity of the 24-item Gout Impact Scale (GIS) of the Gout Assessment Questionnaire 2.0 (GAQ2.0) in a multi-ethnic Asian population.
Methods:
Participants with gout in an academic medical center in Singapore completed the GIS which comprises five scales. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed. Known-groups validity, divergent validity and internal consistency were evaluated.
Results:
We analyzed data of 267 participants (mean [SD] age 52.2 [16.08] years, 92.1% men and 76.0% Chinese). CFA based on the original GIS factor structure had good model fit based on Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) of 0.946 but not when based on Root Mean Square Error Of Approximation (RMSEA), which was 0.123 (90% CI: 0.116-0.130). Internal consistency of GIS exceeded 0.7 in all except one scale, consistent with previous studies. Hypotheses related to known-groups validity were largely supported. Scores were significantly higher (ie greater impact) for participants reporting at least some problem on the EQ-5D-3L anxiety/ depression item across all GIS scales. Correlations between RAND-36 Physical Functioning (PF) scale and all five scales in the GIS were poor (Spearman rank correlation coefficients: -0.2355 to 0.0426), implying that GIS does not measure impact of gout on physical health.
Conclusion:
The GIS is valid and reliable for assessing gout-specific psychosocial functioning in a multi-ethnic Asian population.
Related Concept Videos
Reliability and Validity
Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture
Conservation of Small Populations
What is Population Genetics?
Population Growth
pH Scale

