Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Induction of Periodontitis via a Combination of Ligature and Lipopolysaccharide Injection in a Rat Model
Published on: February 17, 2023
Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-triggered PC-12 inflammatory damage via elevating microRNA-132
Yuanliang Sun1, Bing Liu2, Xiujun Zheng1
1a Department of Spine Surgery , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China.
Background:
Delayed inflammatory response is closely associated with the severity of Spinal cord injury (SCI). Herein, the function and molecular mechanism of notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) in the in vitro model of SCI inflammation injury were explored.
Methods:
PC-12 neuronal cells were subjected with LPS to construct a cell-based model of SCI inflammatory injury. NGR1 was applied in this cell model. miR-132 was silenced by transfection with miR-132 inhibitor. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed, respectively. Then, the expression changes of pro-inflammatory cytokines and JNK pathway were examined.
Results:
In this model, LPS was neurotoxic, with inhibiting PC-12 cell viability, inducing apoptosis, and enhancing concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. However, NGR1 weakened the influence of LPS on PC-12 cells via elevating cell viability, decreasing apoptosis, decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines expression, and suppressing activation of JNK signalling pathway. miR-132 was up-regulated by NGR1 treatment. Silence of miR-132 eliminated the influence of NGR1 on LPS-stimulated PC-12 cells.
Conclusion:
NGR1 relieved PC-12 cells from LPS-triggered inflammatory damage via elevating miR-132 and hereafter suppressing JNK pathway.
Related Concept Videos
MicroRNAs
MicroRNAs
Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
Formation of Lipopolysaccharides
Elevation of Intermediate Points on Vertical Curves
Inflammatory Response
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...

