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Dietary Fat Intake and Cognitive Function among Older Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
1Beibei Xu, Peking University Medical Informatics Center, Beijing, China. Phone: 010-82805904.
The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer'S Disease
|May 8, 2019
Summary
High saturated fat intake may increase the risk of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in older adults. Unsaturated fat intake showed no significant association with cognitive decline.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Neuroscience
- Gerontology
Background:
- Inconsistent findings exist regarding the link between dietary fat and cognitive function in older adults.
- Previous research has yielded inconclusive results on the impact of various fat types on cognitive health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantitatively synthesize prospective cohort studies examining the relationship between dietary fat intake and cognitive function in older adults.
- To clarify the association between saturated fat, unsaturated fat, and cognitive decline.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science) for relevant prospective cohort studies.
- Studies published before March 2018 reporting cognitive outcomes (mild cognitive impairment, dementia, Alzheimer's disease) in relation to dietary fat intake were included.
- Meta-analysis using a random effects model was performed to pool relative risks and 95% confidence intervals.
Main Results:
- Nine studies with 23,402 participants were analyzed.
- Higher saturated fat intake was significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment (RR=1.40) and Alzheimer's disease (RR=1.87).
- Total and unsaturated fat intake did not show a statistically significant association with cognitive outcomes, despite considerable heterogeneity.
Conclusions:
- Saturated fat consumption appears detrimental to cognitive health in older adults, increasing the risk of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
- The association between unsaturated fat intake and cognitive outcomes remains unclear.
- Findings should be interpreted cautiously due to significant heterogeneity in study methodologies and sample sizes.
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