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Electronic Structure of Atoms02:28

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An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the nucleus. Taking into account the wave–particle duality of electrons and the uncertainty in position around the nucleus, quantum mechanics provides a more accurate model for the atomic structure. It describes atomic orbitals as the regions around the nucleus where electrons of discrete energy exist, characterized by four quantum...
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This lesson delves into the geometry of a radical, which is influenced by the electronic structure of the molecule. The principle is similar to that of a lone pair, where the unpaired electron influences the geometry at the radical center.
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Cholinergic antagonists bind to cholinergic receptors and limit the effects of acetylcholine and other cholinergic agonists. Based on the specific cholinergic receptor affinity, these antagonists are classified as muscarinic or nicotinic. Anticholinergics interrupt parasympathetic innervations while sympathetic innervations remain uninterrupted. Muscarinic antagonists are also called 'muscarinic antagonists', 'antimuscarinics', or 'parasympatholytics'. Nicotinic...
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Assessing Two-dimensional Crystallization Trials of Small Membrane Proteins for Structural Biology Studies by Electron Crystallography
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Design guidelines for an electron diffractometer for structural chemistry and structural biology.

Jonas Heidler1, Radosav Pantelic2, Julian T C Wennmacher1

  • 1Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.

Acta Crystallographica. Section D, Structural Biology
|May 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details a new setup for 3D electron diffraction, combining a transmission electron microscope with an EIGER detector. This enables productive structure determination for chemical compounds, overcoming current instrumentation limitations.

Keywords:
3D electron diffractionEIGER X 1M detectorEIGER hybrid pixel detectorchemical crystallographyelectron diffractometerstructural chemistry

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Single Particle Cryo-Electron Microscopy: From Sample to Structure
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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • 3D electron diffraction is a powerful technique for solving chemical compound structures.
  • Current instrumentation, primarily transmission electron microscopes, is not optimized for diffraction studies, leading to inefficiencies.
  • Dedicated electron diffractometers for rotation methods are currently unavailable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the construction and calibration of a productive electron diffractometer using a transmission electron microscope and an EIGER hybrid pixel detector.
  • To provide a workaround for productive data collection in chemical crystallography until fully integrated systems are developed.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of an EIGER hybrid pixel detector with a transmission electron microscope.
  • System calibration to ensure rapid access to experimental parameters for diffraction data processing.

Main Results:

  • A functional electron diffractometer setup was successfully constructed.
  • The system allows for productive and efficient operation in chemical crystallography.
  • The setup overcomes limitations of using imaging-optimized microscopes for diffraction.

Conclusions:

  • The described setup offers a productive solution for 3D electron diffraction structure determination.
  • This approach enhances efficiency in chemical crystallography research.
  • It serves as a viable alternative until dedicated electron diffractometers become commercially available.