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DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Author Spotlight: MAPP Protocol – Advancing Glycan Analysis

Author Spotlight: MAPP Protocol – Advancing Glycan Analysis

Published on: September 29, 2023

Mucin O-glycan microarrays.

Zhen Li¹, Wengang Chai¹

¹Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK.

Current Opinion in Structural Biology

|May 8, 2019

Summary

Developing mucin O-glycan libraries is crucial for understanding glycan-binding protein interactions. This research reviews methods for creating these essential O-glycan arrays for biological studies.

Area of Science:

Glycobiology
Chemical Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Mucin O-glycan recognition by glycan-binding proteins is complex.
Methods for O-glycan analysis lag behind N-glycans due to challenges in release and synthesis.
O-glycans are underrepresented in current microarray libraries, limiting research.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current methods for constructing mucin O-glycan libraries.
To discuss strategies for O-glycan release and synthesis for microarray applications.
To highlight the applications of O-glycan microarrays in biological research.

Main Methods:

Overview of O-glycan release from mucins (enzymatic and chemical limitations).
Discussion of chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis strategies for O-glycan library construction.

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Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

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Published on: September 29, 2023

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Published on: December 17, 2012

Profiling of Permethylated Mucin O-glycans Using Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

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Published on: June 20, 2025

Exploration of non-covalent and covalent immobilization techniques for microarray fabrication.

Main Results:

Limited availability of isolated O-glycans due to degradation or slow synthesis.
Development of various array construction strategies to overcome immobilization challenges.
Demonstration of O-glycan libraries for studying protein-glycan interactions.

Conclusions:

Standardized methods for O-glycan release and synthesis are needed.
O-glycan microarrays are valuable tools for advancing glycobiology research.
Further development of O-glycan libraries will enhance understanding of biological processes.