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SGLT-2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Agonists: First-Line Therapy for Diabetes With Established Cardiovascular Disease

Aparna P Sajja1, Amit K Dey2, Avirup Guha3

  • 11 Department of Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics
|May 9, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Diabetes significantly increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Newer therapies like sodium glucose cotransport 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists show a clear cardiovascular advantage in type 2 diabetes patients.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Diabetes is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • CVD accounts for two-thirds of deaths in diabetic patients, with poor prognosis upon clinical diagnosis.
  • Regulatory bodies now mandate cardiovascular safety evidence for new diabetes therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cardiovascular benefits of newer antidiabetic drug classes.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of sodium glucose cotransport 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists on cardiovascular outcomes.
  • To discuss the future role of these agents in cardiovascular disease prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cardiovascular outcome trials for novel antidiabetic therapies.
  • Analysis of data on sodium glucose cotransport 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists.
  • Synthesis of current evidence regarding cardiovascular risk reduction.

Main Results:

  • Several novel antidiabetic therapies have demonstrated significant cardiovascular benefits, not just safety.
  • Sodium glucose cotransport 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists show efficacy in improving cardiovascular outcomes.
  • These drug classes represent a paradigm shift in managing type 2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications.

Conclusions:

  • Newer antidiabetic agents offer substantial cardiovascular protection in type 2 diabetes.
  • Sodium glucose cotransport 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists are pivotal in reducing CVD risk.
  • These medications are transforming cardiovascular prevention strategies for diabetic patients.
Keywords:
GLP-1 agonistsSGLT-2 inhibitorsdiabetes

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