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The difference between the scope of a norm and its apparent source.

Jonathan Birch1

  • 1Department of Philosophy,Logic and Scientific Method,London School of Economics and Political Science,London WC2A 2AE,United Kingdom.j.birch2@lse.ac.ukpersonal.lse.ac.uk/birchj1.

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This study clarifies the difference between a social norm's source and its scope. Wide-scope norms, not externalized ones, provide adaptive advantages, challenging previous theories.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Philosophy
  • Normative Theory
  • Evolutionary Psychology

Background:

  • Previous theories often conflate the source and scope of social norms.
  • Stanford's work attributes adaptive advantages to externalized norms without distinguishing scope.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate between the apparent source and satisfaction conditions' scope of social norms.
  • To re-evaluate the adaptive advantages attributed to externalized norms.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of norm theory.
  • Distinction between norm externalization and norm scope.

Main Results:

  • Wide-scope social norms are not necessarily externalized.
  • Externalized social norms are not necessarily wide in scope.
  • The adaptive advantages previously linked to externalized norms are, in fact, advantages of wide-scope norms.

Conclusions:

  • A clear distinction between norm source and scope is crucial for understanding norm evolution.
  • Stanford's attribution of adaptive advantages to externalized norms requires revision based on the wide-scope norm concept.